Dr. R. J. Ramteke Associate Professor, Dept. of Computer Science North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon

1. Dr. R. J. Ramteke • Associate Professor, • Dept. of Computer Science • North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon

2. Agenda Innovations Information & Communication Technology India: The BIG picture, the BIG problem Social Impact of ICT ICT in Rural India

3. The course of human development has taken new dimension with the introduction of information and communication technology (ICT) For India, the rise of Information and Communication Technology is an opportunity to overcome historical disabilities and to become the master of one's own national destiny

4. Technological innovation • Technological innovation is essential for human development. • Technology is not inherently good or bad, the outcome depends on how it is used. • From the printing press to the computer, people have devised tools for facilitating learning and communication. • These innovations enable the processing and storage of enormous amounts of information, along with rapid distribution of information through communication networks.

5. Innovations in India • Indian diversity has been a fertile ground for Innovations • India has a Long & Rich History & Heritage: • Invention of Zero and Decimal system, • Home to one of the three ancient civilizations (Indus Valley Civilizations) • Place of origin of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism • Pioneering Universities like Nalanda and Takshshila, • Architectural and Engineering Marvels such the Iron Pillar in Delhi • Temples, TajMahal, QutabMinar, works such as Arthshastra, Rigveda, Upanishads • Traditional Knowledge Systems in Medicine, Mathematics, Astronomy, Dance, Music, etc…

6. Current Efforts • Many players on Multiple fronts: • National Innovation Foundation • Honey Bee Network • Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions (SRISTI) • Council for Scientific & Industrial Research • Tata Institute of Fundamental Research • Education Institutions like IISc, IITs, IIMs, etc • Technology and Business Incubators • New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative • Department of Science and Technology (DST) • ICT and many more ….

7. Information & communications technology • Information Technology (IT) is a technology which is used to acquire, store, organize and process data to a form which can be used in specified application, and disseminate the processed data. • Communication is producing the same message at the destination that was sent at the source • Information and communications technology (ICT) involves innovations in microelectronics, computing (hardware and software), telecommunications and opto-electronics, micro- processors, semiconductors, fibre optics.

8. The role of ICT • It is accepted that telecommunication is a basic infrastructure necessary for economic and social development of a country. • This is even becoming more strong than ever as information related economic activities are growing. • Information and communications technology may be described as the support of the central nervous system of complex societies, transmitting and processing information and commands among the various parts of such societies. • Internet plays a fundamental function in ICT role

9. Big picture • Population --1,210,193,422 • (around 70% lives in rural area) • Area -- 3,287,590 sq km • (more than 600,000 villages) • Political subdivisions-- 28 • states,7 union territories • Literacy –74.04 % (31/03/11) • Per-capita income – Rs.121.40 • GDP – 44,64,081crore • Big question • Can technology make any • difference to these people • Can they afford these • technologies

10. The GOI has recognized the potential of ICT for rapid and all-round national development. Issue of Certificates and Licenses Supply of inputs Procurement of Produce Supply of consumer produce & services Development of projects, programs, schemes Indian Citizen Access to Markets Knowledge & info useful for economic activities Entertainment & info for social needs Education, training to enhance employment & economic opportunity Delivery of health & educational services

11. Application of IT in Government will mean • The application of IT to the processes of governments’ functioning to bring about Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transport (SMART) governance that works better, costs less and is capable of fulfilling the people’s need as never before. E-GOVERNANCE

12. Benefits from ICT Information and communications technology carries on high promise both in human and economic terms. Benefits could be obtained in: • Education • Job training • Health care • Food security • Environment management • Government efficiency And specifically in Science and Technology: • Speed up dissemination of scientific results world-wide through scientific knowledge sharing and exchange • Allows to set up of Virtual Labs for communications and remote instrument control

13. Using ICT to Run a Small Business • What could the following software packages be useful for? • Spreadsheet • Graphics • Word Processing • Desktop publishing • Database • Accounts • E-mail • Internet browser

14. The Social Impact of ICT • Home • Employment • Manufacturing • Industry • Commerce • Education • Medicine • Tele-working.

15. ICT @ Home • Many appliances such as washing machines, Microwave ovens, etc., have built-in microprocessor called embedded computers to control them. • Most modern medical instruments are computer based starting with simple instruments such as blood sugar monitors, doctors and surgeons depend very heavily on computer technology. • Every cell phone you use has one or many special purpose computers. • E-Ticket, E-Banking, E-Paper, E-Learning, E-Governance…

16. Computers and Employment • Has machinery displaced workers? • Industrial revolution. • Factory workers and robotics. • Have computers replaced workers? • Have more jobs have been created by the new technology (computerisation)? • What has happened to clerical workers over the last 20 years? • How has their skills been lost/changed?

17. The Other Side • What happens to older workers who may find it difficult to re-train to adapt to the new technology? • What happens to people that do not have access to the new technology? • What about people who try to ignore the new technology? • What can happen when people rely on technology? • Consider: back up systems for breakdown, fault handling, natural accidents, malicious damage.

18. Manufacturing • How are computers used in manufacturing? • Consider: order processing, stock reports and replacement, progress tracking. Project management – budgets, on-time. • CAD / CAM

19. ICT in Banking • Telephone Banking, Internet Banking, ATM’s, Debit Cards, Credit Cards, MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) e.g. cheque processing, Direct debiting, etc.

20. Internet Shopping • Web sites used for advertising have been developed into a ‘virtual store’. • A virtual store help a business. • Other useful by-product that a web site can collect • Consider a database of potential customers. • Offer on-line shopping for customers unable to get to the shop.

21. Education • Computers in schools • Computers assist with teaching and learning • Interactive teaching package • Internet be used to assist learning • ICT for distance learning *In Education, 87% of information enters to our brain through eyes, 9% by ears and 4% via other senses. *A.R.Nadira et al, “ICT in higher education-A Study”, Canadian Journal on Data, Information and Knowledge Engineering, Vol. 1, No.1, pp. 1-12, 2010

22. Higher Education • Expansion, Excellence, Equity & Access • Higher Education Council for Regulatory Reforms • National Mission on Vocational Education • More IITs, IIMs, Colleges, Schools & investments • 16 New National Universities & Multidisciplinary Ed • 14 New Innovation Universities • More students in Maths, Science & PhD • Distance learning & Technology in Education • Open course ware, Corse wise credit, New models • Private & Foreign partnerships

23. Can Computers Replace Teachers? • What can computers do that is better than having a teacher? • repetition, patience, consistency, cost effective. • What can a teacher do that is better than a computer? • What could the classroom of the future look like? • will it exist, • will students need to attend school, • could they choose what subject to do and when, • will they be motivated to take charge of their own learning?

24. Health Services • Computers are used in the Health service • Records, databases, computerised medical devices, monitoring. • Expert (knowledge-based) system • Image capture and processing. • Robotic surgery • Operations. • Computers for the disabled • Blind, deaf, special devices...

25. Biometric Recognition • Automatic recognition of individuals based on their physical and /or behavioral characteristics. • A biometric system is a Pattern Recognition system that operates on Biometric data.

26. Dependence on ICT • How are individuals dependant on IT? • Routine chores: money, shopping, holiday, • Scanners and imaging systems, • Traffic control, motorway, • Flood warning systems, • Personal use, data, accounts, education, • Electrical devices in the home, washing machines, video DVD players, microwaves, etc, • Telephone lines for Internet communications.

27. ICT in Rural India Agriculture Entertainment & information Animal Husbandry Education & training IT-Based Services Trade & Commerce Rural wheel of prosperity

28. A Typical mid-size village • Population: 4000 - 7000 • Main Occupation: Agriculture 60% • Literacy rate: 52 % • Average Electricity/day: 4 hrs. • Households Electrified: 26 % • Telephone penetration: 12 % • Bank Accounts: 10 % • Loan defaulters: 60 % An average rural family earns Rs.2750 (or less than $61) per month

29. Problems 47% of children below 5 are malnourished. About a fifth of the population is chronically hungry. 40% population lives on less than Rs. 45 a day. India has more poor than sub Saharan Africa Rural India only growing at 1.9% / yr. 5% less than the overall Indian growth rate. The disparities are widening, particularly for women.

30. For Every One Rupee spent in a village • 30 Paise goes to an Intermediary Others, including fuel consumables & tobacco 12% Social Liabilities 15% Food 48% Health 19%

31. India : ICT Project

32. Bhoomi Three main components in Bhoomi system – The computer centre where mutation and updation are done in online fashion. It includes finger print authentication and scanning of important documents to ensure robust and secured system. Most of the components of the Computer Centre are funded under the Central Scheme. Land Records kiosk from where the farmers can collect the copy of their record by paying Rs.15. They can also lodge request for mutation to their land records. The Kiosk is fully funded by State Government. Touch Screen Kiosk where farmers can see their land related information without anybody's intervention or help.

33. Benefits • Farmers • Farmers can quickly get their land records from Kiosks and are protected from harassment and extortion. • Reduction in processing time for mutation. • Online tracking of mutation status. • Easy access to Farm Credit.

34. Benefits • Administrators • Ease of maintenance and updation of land records documents. • Quick and easy access to Land records for analysis purpose. • Ease of monitoring Government Lands. • Others • For Financial Institutions, Online Farm credit related activities. • Information availability for Private Sector.

35. Drishtee • Is a social organization, • Creating an impact in villages • By creating an ecosystem of sustainable micro-enterprises riding on the supply chain platform • Led by Drishtee-trained and selected local entrepreneurs, • Giving opportunities to provide market access and linkages for physical products such as eyeglasses, mobile phones, and agricultural products. • And for services such as Health, Education, Banking and Finance • Reducing the role of the intermediary

36. E-Choupal • Internet kiosk in the house of a trained farmer (Sanchalak) within walking distance of target farmers • Customisedknowledge on farm and risk management • Relevant real-time information results in higher income • Commodity prices, local weather, news, customized knowledge despite heterogeneity, reduced transaction costs • Direct marketing channel for farm produce

37. E-ChoupalScale, Scope and Plans • 3,500 eChoupals in 5 states of India covering 21,000 villages, servicing 2.0 million farmers, sourcing a range of agri commodities (oilseeds, grains, coffee, aquaculture) • Marketing a variety of goods and services (agri-inputs, consumer goods, insurance, market research) • Plan for 20,000 Choupals in 15 states covering 100,000 villages, servicing 25 million farmers by 2010 with projected transactions of US$ 2.5 billion • Higher incomes through-better yields and prices

38. India: Problem Associated with ICT project • Irregular, inconsistent electrical power • Scarce and unreliable telephony system • Unreliable internet connectivity • Socio factor such as gender inequality, religious communal difference • Self centered political leader, party and • corruption

39. How to overcome problems • Bottleneck: how to overcome • Electricity • Battery backup, • UPS Circuit breaker • and voltage stabilizer • Good earthing • Telephone • Connect directly with communication satellites • using V-SAT (e.g. Zee interactive leaning system) • New kind of telecommunication infrastructure, such as • WLL (TelNetproject, IIT- Madras) • Internet connectivity • Provide offline content (warana project) • Socio factor • Education

40. India:Software Market India: Some facts *Statistics that show: 12% of scientists in the USA, 36% of NASA scientists, 34% of Microsoft employees, 28% of IBM employees, 17% of INTEL scientists, 13% of XEROX employees, 35% of Silicon Valley start-uppers … are Indians. BUT ??? *Source: NASSCOM

41. Enablers of Innovation in ICT Use • Political will • Technology infrastructure • Funding and enabling policy environment • Human capacity • Partnerships • Creativity and management • Awareness in citizens Technology Innovation Process People Funds

42. IT Enabled Services & Careers • Printing & Publishing • Music Production • Photo Studio • Animation • Computer Games • Call Centers • Medical Transcription • Computer Based Learning Package Developers • and many more…

43. Innovations and Creativity: Key to Success • Making a market despite many missing links • Creative use of technology in places or for a purpose not originally intended. • Organizational design- coming together of partners with specific value proposition, incentives and rules to cooperate. • Combining emerging and traditional technologies to overcome constraints • Adapting business models to local contexts • Role of network designers

44. EDUCATION Enhancing one’s quality through Dedication, Understanding and Commitment with an Aspiration to become a member of a Team Involved in Offline / Online development of Nation No(w) Questions!?

45. Thank you one and all Dr. R. J. Ramteke rakeshramteke@yahoo.co.in 9890688672