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Human Rights Mechanisms in EU-South Mediterranean Relations especially with Israel

Human Rights Mechanisms in EU-South Mediterranean Relations especially with Israel. EU-Mediterranean Countries Relations. The Euro Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) Barcelona Declaration, 27-28 Nov.1995 The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) EU Commission’s Communication, 11 March 2003

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Human Rights Mechanisms in EU-South Mediterranean Relations especially with Israel

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  1. Human Rights MechanismsinEU-South Mediterranean Relationsespecially with Israel

  2. EU-Mediterranean Countries Relations • The Euro Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) Barcelona Declaration, 27-28 Nov.1995 • The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) EU Commission’s Communication, 11 March 2003 • The EU Strategic Partnership with the Mediterranean and the Middle East, 2004 • Strategic Guidelines for Reinvigorating EU Actions on HR and Democratisation with Mediterranean Partners, EU Commission’s Communication, 21 May 2003

  3. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership

  4. EMP The Euro Mediterranean Partnership /Barcelona Process • 10 Mediterranean Countries and 27 EU Member States • Objectives of the Barcelona Declaration,1995 • “to create an area of dialogue, exchange and cooperation guaranteeing peace, stability and prosperity” • “requires a strengthening of democracy and respect for human rights”

  5. Chapters Political and Security Matters Economic and Financial Issues Social, Cultural and Human Affairs Dimensions Multilateral/Regional Cooperation on common issues Bilateral/Based on Association Agreements EMP3 Chapters, 2 Dimensions

  6. EMPRegional CooperationHR Commitments of the Barcelona Declaration • Respect of the United Nations’ Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Development of the rule of law and democracy • Respect Human rights and fundamental freedoms • Promotion of Women’s rights • Recognition of the essential contribution of civil society • Respect for fundamental social rights • Action of support for democratic institution and for strengthening of the rule of law and civil society

  7. EMP Barcelona + 10, Nov. 2005 Evaluation • Priority to economic cooperation • Security approach (anti-terrorism + migration) • At the expenses of implementation of HR commitments • Weakening of role of civil society

  8. EMP Barcelona + 10Perspectives Five years work programme • 4 Priorities • Political and Security Partnership: Democratisation, HR, women’s rights, civil society “in accordance with national legislation” • Social and Economic Development • Education • Migration, Justice and Security

  9. EMP Barcelona + 10Perspectives Five years work programme • 2006 EuroMed Conference on HR (not done) • July 2006Euro-African Conference on Migration • Nov 2006 EuroMed Conference on Women’s rights + 1 Preparatory Conference • Nov 2007 Euro-Med Conference on Migration • 2007 Governance Facility

  10. EMP Regional CooperationGeneral Institutions • EuroMed Foreign Affairs Ministers Conferences • EuroMed Meetings of Sectorial Ministers • EuroMed Committee for the Barcelona Process • Senior Officials Meetings on the Political and Security Dialogue • EuroMed Parliamentary Assembly EuroMed Civil forum

  11. EMP Regional CooperationSpecialised Institutions • Anna Lindh Euro Med Foundation for the Dialogue between Cultures • EuroMed Economic and Social Committee • EuroMed Committee of Regions

  12. EMP Bilateral DimensionAssociation Agreements Adoption • Negotiated by the EU Commission and each Mediterranean partner • Adopted by the EU Council and the Med partner • Ratified by all EU Member States and the Med partner • Assent of the European Parliament

  13. EMP Bilateral DimensionAssociation Agreements Objectives • Political dialogue on issues of “common interest” • e.g. Regional security and stability, peace and democracy • Economic and sector cooperation • e.g. agriculture, transport, environment, tourism, energy, customs, scientific and technological, migration • Social and Cultural Cooperation

  14. EMP Bilateral Dimension Association Agreements

  15. EMP Bilateral DimensionAssociation Agreements

  16. EMP Bilateral DimensionHR Commitments Article 2 of All Association Agreements • HR mentioned as an “essential element” of the AA • HR clause is legally binding • Possibility of suspension of the AA (never with Med countries so far) • “Positive implementation” by the EU

  17. EMPBilateral DimensionInstitutions Association Council Ministerial level Association CommitteeSenior Official level Sub Committees

  18. EMP Bilateral DimensionSubcommittees • e.g. EU-Israel • Political dialogue and cooperation • Economic and financial matters • Social and immigration affairs • Customs cooperation and taxation (April 2007) • Agriculture and fisheries • Internal market • Industry, trade and services • Justice and legal matters • Transport, energy and environment • Research, innovation, information society, education and culture

  19. EMPBilateral DimensionSub-Committees on human rights • Sub-Committees on human rights with • Jordan (June 2005, March 2007), Morroco (November 2006), Lebanon (Avril 2007) • Tunisia ? • Sub-Committees on Political Dialogue and cooperation • EU-Israel Ad hoc Working Group on HR, 7 June 2006, 20 Feb.2007, 2nd half 2007 ? • with Egypt ?

  20. EMP Bilateral DimensionEU-Israel AA Signed on 20.11.95 In force since 1.06.00 • Objectives • Political dialogue • Economic co-operation • Social and cultural matters • EU-Israel Association Council, • 5th AC,12 December 2004 • approved the ENP Action Plan • 6th AC, 13 June 2006 • 7th AC, 5 March 2007

  21. EMP Bilateral DimensionEU-Israel Working Group on HR • Informal Meeting held on June 2006 and February 2007 • with EU Commission, EU Presidency, EU Council secretariat and Israel MFA • Issues discussed e.g.: • Arab minority (follow up of the Or Commission' support) • Nationality and Entry Law • Extra-judicial killings • Administrative Detention • Third WG Meeting in 2nd Half of 2007 ?

  22. The European Neighbourhood Policy Source: EU Commission

  23. ENPObjectives • Launched in 2003 by the EU • To create a ‘ring of friends’(Med, Eastern European and Caucasus Countries) • “To share benefits of the EU’s 2004 enlargement” • “To strengthen Security, Stability, Well-being” • “To develop a mutual commitment to common values” especially the rule of law, good governance, the respect for HR • To enhance economic relations and closer cooperation • Access to EU internal market and programmes ?

  24. ENP Principles • Voluntary Basis • Differentiated and Progressive approach according to the “degree of commitment to common values, as well as its will and capacity to implement agreed priorities” • “Positive conditionality” Monitoring process of implementation with a financial incentive: European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) + Governance Facility

  25. ENP Means Bilateral approach • Country Reports • EU analysis of the political and economic situation • Basis for the development and assessment of the APs • Action Plans • Jointly agreed political documents • Define objectives and actions for reforms • Toward European Neighbourhood Agreements?

  26. ENP Country Reports / Action Plans

  27. ENP Action plans • Not Legally binding • Build on Association Agreements • Commitment to “Common Values” • Including rule of law, democracy, respect of HR • References to the Barcelona Declaration Principles • Monitoring by Sub-Committees • First Evaluation after 2 Years of Implementation, Dec. 2006 • EU Commission Communication on Strengthening the ENP • Progress reports on the ENP implementation: Overall assessment, sectoral progress and country report • EU Commission Communication on the general approach to enable ENP Partner countries to participate in Community agencies and community programmes

  28. ENP Action plans Priorities • Political dialogue and reforms, incl. HR • Economic and social reform • Trade • Migration, Justice and Home affairs • Transport, energy, information society, environment • People-to-People contacts

  29. ENP EU Country Report on Israel • Issued on 12/05/2004 • EU’s view of the situation in Israel on: • Political Issues including Democracy, Rule of Law, HR, Regional and Global Stability (Quartet Roadmap), Justice and Home Affairs (Migrations, Trafficking of Human Beings) • Economic and Social Situation

  30. ENP EU-Israel Action Plan • Concluded in December 2004 for 3 years • Priorities • Political dialogue and co-operation eg: HR, situation in the Middle East, combating terrorism… • Economic and social co-operation and development • Trade-related issues, market and regulatory reform • Co-operation in Justice and Home affairs • Transport, energy, information society, environment and Science and technology • People to people contacts • Weak on HR issues: Very general terms on HR, international humanitarian law, minority rights No reference to a specific Subcommittee on HR • Very weak ENP progress report on Israel, Nov.2006

  31. Thank You for Your Attention

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