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U.S. Human rights and trade relations

By: Noor Ibrahim 4/21/2014.

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U.S. Human rights and trade relations

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  1. By: Noor Ibrahim 4/21/2014 When Director-General Pascal Lamy, in a speech made in 2010, said that “trade opening leads to growth, development, poverty reduction, hence trade ensures concrete realization of human rights, it became apparent that human rights violations, although an issue for decades, played a modern and crucial role in trade due to a globalizing world (www.wto.org). U.S. Human rights and trade relations

  2. What is the problem? HUMAN RIGHTS • The relationship between trade and human rights is complex to say the least. In the 21st century, the opportunity for the United States to trade and invest abroad is being challenged in the face of promoting human rights. Free trade makes it easier for human rights violations to happen because regulation is stretched over country to country. • Engaging with countries with different legislations and moral codes makes it difficult to ensure that human rights are protected and not exploited border to border.

  3. Human rights and Trade • UN Charter, the Universal Declaration of HR, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Political Rights (ratified by 116/153 WTO members). DICCP Rights ICESPR. The practical perspective ( realities) • Free trade leads to growth, development, poverty reduction, • Therefore, trade ensures concrete realization of Human Rights The “normative” approach ( principles) • trade implies human interaction, respect and understanding. • Human Rights: individual freedom and responsibility, non discrimination, transparency, welfare. • International law: international obligations subscribed to by countries must be simultaneously respected, whether in trade or Human Rights (Vienna Convention). • objective of WTO = raise standards of living, ensure full employment and sustainable development 5PREAMLE° + various exceptions to WTO members general obligations (art XX GATT, TBT, SPS).

  4. Human Rights in FOCUS: Human Trafficking and its Impact on Trade As Human Rights covers a wide range of topics, I am going to focus on human trafficking and its relation with trade. In terms of the U.S., the TIP report shows that it has the largest amount of people impacted yearly and it has the largest impact on trade relations in terms of HR. It is something that has been around for decades but is having completely new implications internationally. Trafficking is the smuggling of people across borders that are further oppressed and subject to cruelty and inhumane conditions. Primarily, people are trafficked for the intension of sexual and labor mistreatment. As human trafficking occurs trans-nationally and is realistically the trade of people, it has a significant impact on trade relations between countries.

  5. U.S. Legislation/Proposal • The Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-386) • The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003 (H.R. 2620) • The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 (H.R. 972) • The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (H.R. 7311) provide the tools to combat trafficking in persons both worldwide and domestically. The Acts authorized the establishment of G/TIP and the President's Interagency Task Force to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons to assist in the coordination of anti-trafficking efforts. Proposal: trade agreements like TTIP and TPP should create a need for extensive cooperation which will make sanctions against countries that don’t impose strict laws as preventative measures as more successful.

  6. Sources: • http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/sppl_e/sppl172_e.htm • WTO website explains how trade and human rights are directly connected. • Policy Issues: “Combat Trafficking of Persons” – http://www.state.gov/j/tip/index.htm • State department website help explains what human trafficking is, the implications abroad, U.S. legislation to help fight it, its economic impact, and how it has an impact on trade. • “EU Press Release Human Rights and Trafficking in the EU” (2013). http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-331_en.htm • The EU website explains what is human trafficking and how it affects the EU and its relationship with the U.S. and Asia. • World Bank: • http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOCIALPROTECTION/Resources/SP-Discussion-papers/Labor-Market-DP/0911.pdf • This paper outlines how human trafficking is the modern day slavery and what its economic implications are on the World. • Wyler, Liana S. (2010) Trafficking in Persons: U. S. Policy and Issues for Congress. • Congressional Research Service. Washington DC. • https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34317.pdf • This paper outlines what the U.S. policy is on human trafficking and what sanctions are in place.

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