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Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista. Basic Characteristics : - eukaryotes most are unicellular most are heterotrophs Habitats : aquatic habitats or moist soil. Origin of Protista. Some scientists believe that mitochondria and chloroplasts started out as prokaryotes that lived inside larger prokaryotes

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Kingdom Protista

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  1. Kingdom Protista • Basic Characteristics: - eukaryotes • most are unicellular • most are heterotrophs • Habitats: aquatic habitats or moist soil

  2. Origin of Protista • Some scientists believe that mitochondria and chloroplasts started out as prokaryotes that lived inside larger prokaryotes • Endosymbiosis – one organism lives in a larger organism

  3. Characteristics used for classification • nutrition – heterotrophic; autotrophic; saprophytic • cell number – unicellular or multicellular • Motility • – ability to move and movement structures • - These structures include flagella, cilia, and pseudopodia

  4. Reproduction Asexual (most common): - Binary fission (unicellular) - Multiple fission(divide into more than 2 cells) Sexual: - Conjugation (genetic information is swapped and stored in a 2nd nucleus) See page 504

  5. 1. ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS: Protozoans - unicellular - heterotrophic or parasitic phagocytosis – engulfing food – motility: pseudopods, cilia, flagella or none - freshwater (amoebas) or marine marine – salt water ex: amoeba, paramecium

  6. 2. PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS (ALGAE) - unicellular, colonial, multicellular - nutrition: autotrophs (phototrophs) and heterotrophs * have chlorophyll - habitat: freshwater or marine - Unicellular phyla are all called phytoplankton Ex: volvox, kelp, seaweed, euglena

  7. 3. FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS Slime Molds - nutrition:heterotrophic, parasitic phagocytosis - motility: flagella, pseudopodia - habitat: moist soil/ organic matter - - a “mass of cytoplasm that can ooze around obstacles”

  8. Fungi Kingdom ·     Eukaryotes ·      Heterotrophic: - most saprophytes - some parasites ·       Most multicellular; one is unicellular ·       Most sessile

  9. Structure: Chitin - a tough, flexible carbohydrate that makes up fungi cell walls hyphae - small tubules filled with cytoplasm and nuclei; makes up multicellular fungi Mycelium – an interconnected mass made up of hyphae Septa – wall in hyphae with holes for the cytoplasm to flow through Chitin → hyphae → myclium Hyphae produce enzymes that are secreted into the environment and then nutrients are reabsorbed through hyphae

  10. Asexual Reproduction: 1)     Multi-cellular –regeneration; (single celled- mitosis & cell division) 2)Budding - new organism forms from small piece of mycelium 3)Asexual spore formation from fruiting bodies Spores spread by wind, water, animals(*most common) Sexual reproduction – hyphae fuse together to form spores - possible in common molds, club fungi, and sac fungi only

  11. Ex: molds, mushrooms, yeast, ringworm, athelete’s foot

  12. Nutrition: Fungi obtain nutrients by digesting organic matter externally before absorbing it Impact: ·environment - breaks down dead organisms ·symbiosis a)   fungus + cyanobacteria = lichen; fungus offers protection, cyanobacteria offer food b) plant growth – fungus grows on root tips of some plants

  13. human food source, medicine (penicillin), food processing, genetic engineering of proteins disease destroy plants and trees property damage to wood structures human infection

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