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Learning

Learning. Overview. What is Learning? Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Limits of Behaviorism Observational Learning. What is Learning?. Relatively permanent changes in behavior that result from experience How does learning happen? How can we control it?.

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Learning

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  1. Learning

  2. Overview • What is Learning? • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Limits of Behaviorism • Observational Learning

  3. What is Learning? • Relatively permanent changes in behavior that result from experience • How does learning happen? • How can we control it?

  4. Classical Conditioning • Associate two events in the world • A behavior that is already part of the animal’s normal behavioral repertoire can be linked to other stimuli

  5. Classical Conditioning Terms • Unconditional Stimulus (UCS): event that normally causes a behavior without any learning • Unconditional Response (UCR): behavior that results from the UCS without any learning

  6. Classical Conditioning Terms • Conditional Stimulus (CS): originally neutral stimulus that causes a response after being associated with the UCS • Conditional Response (CR): behavior that results from the CS after learning

  7. More on Classical Conditioning • Extinction: the CR will disappear if the CS is repeatedly presented alone • Spontaneous Recovery: the CR may reappear without further conditioning after extinction has occurred

  8. Operant Conditioning • Law of Effect: associate behavior with its consequences • repeat what you did before something good happened • avoid what you did before something bad happened

  9. Shaping • Successive approximations to the desired behavior • Allows new behaviors to be learned

  10. Types of Consequences • Reinforcement increases a behavior • Punishment decreases a behavior

  11. Remove Something Add Something positive reinforcement negative reinforcement Increase Behavior Decrease Behavior positive punishment negative punishment

  12. Limits of Behaviorist Principles • Latent Learning • Tolman: cognitive maps • Observational Learning • Bandura: Bobo study • Mirror neurons

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