Learning

Learning

Overview • What is Learning? • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Limits of Behaviorism • Observational Learning

What is Learning? • Relatively permanent changes in behavior that result from experience • How does learning happen? • How can we control it?

Classical Conditioning • Associate two events in the world • A behavior that is already part of the animal’s normal behavioral repertoire can be linked to other stimuli

Classical Conditioning Terms • Unconditional Stimulus (UCS): event that normally causes a behavior without any learning • Unconditional Response (UCR): behavior that results from the UCS without any learning

Classical Conditioning Terms • Conditional Stimulus (CS): originally neutral stimulus that causes a response after being associated with the UCS • Conditional Response (CR): behavior that results from the CS after learning

More on Classical Conditioning • Extinction: the CR will disappear if the CS is repeatedly presented alone • Spontaneous Recovery: the CR may reappear without further conditioning after extinction has occurred

Operant Conditioning • Law of Effect: associate behavior with its consequences • repeat what you did before something good happened • avoid what you did before something bad happened

Shaping • Successive approximations to the desired behavior • Allows new behaviors to be learned

Types of Consequences • Reinforcement increases a behavior • Punishment decreases a behavior

Remove Something Add Something positive reinforcement negative reinforcement Increase Behavior Decrease Behavior positive punishment negative punishment

Limits of Behaviorist Principles • Latent Learning • Tolman: cognitive maps • Observational Learning • Bandura: Bobo study • Mirror neurons

Learning

Learning

Presentation Transcript

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