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Epilepsy

Epilepsy. By Gabrielle Cramer. Brain Scan of an Individual with Frontal Lobe Epilepsy. Epilepsy is a term used to define the unprovoked & spontaneous reoccurance of seizures which inhibit nervous system activity 180,000 Americans are diagnosed with Epilepsy each year. Neuron.

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Epilepsy

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  1. Epilepsy By Gabrielle Cramer

  2. Brain Scan of an Individual with Frontal Lobe Epilepsy

  3. Epilepsy is a term used to define the unprovoked & spontaneous reoccurance of seizures which inhibit nervous system activity • 180,000 Americans are diagnosed with Epilepsy each year

  4. Neuron • Neurons are cellular structures that allow for the transport of electrical • messages in the brain • hyperexcitability excitability of neurons may propagate epileptic seizures through • random “firing” of nerve cells

  5. EEG Detecting a Seizure

  6. Neuronal Sodium Channel • The Neuronal Sodium Channel creates an action potential • There are inhibitory neurotransmitters such as GABA & excitatory neurons such as dopamine which stimulate activity in the brain

  7. Factors determining Hyperexcitability • Cell membrane properties & the microenvironment of the neuron • Intracellular processes • Structural features of neuronal elements • Interneuron connection

  8. Partial Seizures • most common form of seizures & originate in the temporal lobe • seizure activity is always preceded by an altered state of consciousness

  9. Generalized Seizures • effect both cerebral hemispheres of the brain • The types of generalized seizures include myoclonic, clonic, tonic-clonic, and atonic seizures

  10. Recent Studies • Scott ( 2001) utiliized Bang Sensitive Drosophila as amodel organismm for the study of genetic influence on Epilepsy Fig 1. Brain sections of normal Drosophila (top) and a mutant (bottom) that exhibits neurodegeneration indicated by the presence of vacuolar pathology throughout the brain • Use of Drosophila as a model organism when studying excitatory neurotransmitter and potassium ions (Shak, 2003)

  11. Work Cited 1.The National Society for Epilepsy (2009), What is Epilepsy?. Available from Accessed on 15 February 2009). 2.^Cascino GD (1994). "Epilepsy: contemporary perspectives on evaluation and treatment". Mayo Clinic Proc69: 1199�1211.3.^ Engel J Jr (1996). "Surgery for seizures". NEJM334: 647-652. 3."Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. From the Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy". Epilepsia22 (4): 489�501. 1981. 5.^ ab "Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy". Epilepsia30 (4): 389�99. 1989. 6.^ Jerome Engel. "A Proposed Diagnostic Scheme For People With Epileptic Seizures And With Epilepsy: Report Of The Ilae Task Force On Classification And Terminology". ILAE. Retrieved on 2006-07-18.7.^ Frucht MM, Quigg M, Schwaner C, Fountain NB. (2000). "Distribution of seizure precipitants among epilepsy syndromes.". Epilepsia41 (12): 1534�1539.. 8.Herzog AG, Harden CL, Liporace J, Pennell P, Schomer DL, Sperling M, et al. (2004). "Frequency of catamenial seizure exacerbation in women with localization-related epilepsy". Annals Neurology56 (3): 431-34. 9. Hirtz D, Thurman DJ, Gwinn-Hardy K, Mohamed M, Chaudhuri AR, Zalutsky R (2007-01-30). "How common are the 'common' neurologic disorders?". Neurology68 (5): 326�37. 10.^ Sander JW (2003). "The epidemiology of epilepsy revisited". Curr Opin Neurol16 (2): 165�70.

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