Motivational Interviewing

1. Motivational Interviewing A Brief Introduction

2. The Evolution ofMotivational Interviewing • Crisis Intervention Theory – People have different levels of motivation. It is much easier to help them when their motivation to make a change is high.

3. The Evolution ofMotivational Interviewing • The Transtheoretical Model – Researchers discovered that people actually go through five separate stages in the change process and they move through these stages in different ways.

4. The Evolution ofMotivational Interviewing • Motivational Interviewing – Perhaps we can develop therapeutic techniques that would help us to help people raise their motivation levels. This would, in turn, help them to get better.

5. Motivational Interviewing is one of the most research-based treatment models ever developed

6. It is always necessary to use Motivational Interviewing principles no matter what other theoretical model you might use (CBT, DBT, Rogerian, etc….)

7. Understanding Motivation • Ambivalence about change is normal • Change is often nonlinear • Readiness is not static • Attend to readiness in your work

8. Why the use of Motivational Interviewing is so important • Each individual will be at a different point with their motivation to change • This is a perfectly normal part of being human – we shouldn’t treat somebody as being sick or wrong simply because they aren’t motivated to change as much as we believe that they “should” be

9. Why the use of Motivational Interviewing is so important • It is the clinician’s job to HELP the consumer with his or her motivation level • This process starts by learning to “meet the consumer where he/she is at the time”

10. Why the use of Motivational Interviewing is so important • Many of our consumers feel hopeless about the possibility of recovery • It is our job to provide hope when the consumer has none!

11. How many people does it take to change a light bulb? Only one, but the light bulb must really want to change!

12. The most important Skill Sets for Motivational Interviewing • Identifying the stage of change • Using the four foundational principles

13. The Stages of Change • At a minimum, all clinicians at Cummins will have a basic, working familiarity with the stages of change • But to truly “master” Motivational Interviewing, you need to be able to monitor the consumer’s stage of change constantly and adapt your approach accordingly.

14. The Stages of Change • Precontemplation • Contemplation • Preparation/Planning • Action • Maintenance

15. Four Foundational Principles • Express empathy • Develop discrepancy • Roll with resistance • Support self-efficacy

16. Of these four principles, “Developing Discrepancy” is the one that actually gets things resolved. And please notice that it is the CONSUMER who resolves the discrepancy, not the clinician.

17. This is an incrediblypowerful approach! • After all, the consumer is the one who stands to benefit from the change and is the one who will have to change the behaviors. • Therefore, it is only the consumer’s reasons for making the change that matter, not the clinician’s.

18. This means thatMotivational Interviewing is: • A collaborative approach, not a confrontational approach • Accomplishes its goal through the empowerment of the consumer

19. Summary • MI is evidence-based and is built upon a realistic understanding of how human motivation works. • It can be used along with any other treatment model. • It is a collaborative model built upon empowering the consumer and helping him/her find his/her own reasons to make a positive change, and then reinforcing these reasons.

20. Questions? / Comments?

21. Thank you for your participation!

22. Additional Resources • Motivational Interviewing: Preparing people to change addictive behavior, Miller & Rollnick, 1991 • Building Motivational Interviewing Skills: A practitioner workbook, Rosengren, 2009 • A Toolkit of Motivational Skills, second edition, Fuller & Taylor, 2008