PEDIATRIC IMAGING & GERIATRIC IMAGING

1. PEDIATRIC IMAGING &GERIATRIC IMAGING • OBJECTIVES • Imaging of pediatrics & geriatric patients • Age specific competencies • Pediatric pathology • Abuse and imaging Spring 2011

2. Atmosphere Communication Tone Age specific protocol for ALL patients Answering questions about procedures Dealing with the parents of kids with illnesses or injuries Provide excellent studies Ease anxiety Make patient feel safe & comfortable to avoid restraints and anesthesia Protect patients, self and others from unnecessary RADIATION EXPOSURE Your Role as a Radiographer

3. RADIATION PROTECTION A MUST

4. Pediatric Imaging • Not just small adults • TECHNIQUE CHANGES • Size and density of part • TIME – short as possible • Communication an immobilization skills very important

5. Communication • Talk with patient at eye level • Use language the child can understand • Assign jobs (tech takes picture, parent holds patient, patient holds still) • Cover needles syringes if the patient is having a contrast studies

6. Parents and child are anxious and fearful • Address the child and the parent • explain to the patient and parent the importance of cooperation. • Consider the room lighting • Children are afraid of the dark • Explain the procedure • Keep the explanation simple and short • Watch the tone in your voice and facial expressions • All of this conveys a message to the patient

7. Anxiety Fear, frustration and raised tempers. Keep a calm perspective – instill confidence in your patient and parent. Relate to the appropriate age of the patient During and at the completion of the exam Praise the child for their cooperation Offer incentives Stickers Communication

8. Families facing a recently diagnosedillness - cancer • Powerful emotions: shock disbelief fear anxiety guilt & sadness anger

9. Pain: Never lie to child Describe pain in a way they understand Let them know it will be fast Use age appropriate protocol Set techniques ahead of time Use immobilization as needed

10. Establish Rapport • Always have room ready before bringing in patient – supplies quick at hand • Show the collimator light • Other equipment as necessary • Shields – offer the apron to the parent first

11. Infants – pacifier, bottle, toys with lights & sound Toddlers & Preschool – bubbles, books, washable markers & paper, toys or video School Age – games, music, television The Magic of TV To effectively distract kids, know what they like

12. Help them to be comfortable before, during and after their procedures Have faith in their health care team by providing excellent care Other suggestions? Experiences? What else can you do?

13. WAITING ROOM

14. Infants • Keeping the parent involved & close • Using a calm, soothing voice • Pacifier or bottle • Toys with light and/or sounds

15. Immobilization

21. X-table lateral chest better to show air fluid than supine lateral

39. PICC Line orCVA Insertion

42. The importance of including the costophrenic angles

44. Comparison of chest exams 12 hours apart

45. 7 WEEK OLD Wheezing and respiratory distress are a common presentation of CHF in infants. Tachypnea alone may be the earliest sign.

48. AGE SPECIFICCOMPETENCIES

49. Age Specific Competencies • Stage 1: The Neonate (Birth to 29 Days) • Stage 1: The Infant/Young Toddler (29 Days to 18 Months) • Stage 2: The Toddler (18 Months to 3 Years) • Stage 3: The Preschooler (3 Years to 6 Years) • Stage 4: The School Child (6 Years to 12 Years) • Stage 5: The Adolescent (12 Years to 18 Years) • Stage 6: The Young Adult (19 Years to 40 Years) • Stage 7: The Middle Adult (40 Years to 65 Years) • Stage 8: The Mature Adult (65 Years and Older)

50. 18 MO NEWBORN