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Understanding Codons and Anticodons in DNA and RNA Sequences

This chapter delves into the mechanics of reading codon tables, highlighting the vital processes involved in translating DNA sequences to RNA. It emphasizes the direction of reading nucleotide sequences—from 3' to 5' in DNA (anticodons) and from 5' to 3' in RNA (codons). The chapter provides practical examples, illustrating how specific nucleotide sequences correspond to amino acid chains, such as methionine, lysine, and arginine. Additionally, it explores potential nucleotide sequences that can code for specific polypeptide sequences, enhancing understanding of genetic coding.

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Understanding Codons and Anticodons in DNA and RNA Sequences

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  1. Chapter 17How to read a table of codons

  2. Chapter 17How to read a table of codons These are two forms in which you might see a table of codons

  3. Chapter 17How to read a table of codons You read DNA from 3’ to 5’ (anticodons)→ You read RNA from 5’ to 3’ (codons)→

  4. Chapter 17How to read a table of codons TAC-TTC-GCG-GTA-GCT-GAA-TAT You read DNA from 3’ to 5’ (anticodons)→ AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA You read RNA from 5’ to 3’ (codons)→

  5. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA

  6. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA

  7. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA

  8. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met

  9. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met

  10. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met

  11. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met - lys

  12. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met - lys

  13. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met - lys

  14. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys - arg

  15. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys - arg

  16. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys - arg

  17. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys - arg

  18. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys – arg - his

  19. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys – arg - his

  20. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys – arg - his

  21. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys – arg – his - arg

  22. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys – arg – his - arg

  23. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys – arg – his - arg

  24. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys – arg – his – arg - leu

  25. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys – arg – his – arg - leu

  26. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met – lys – arg – his – arg - leu

  27. Chapter 17 AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA met - lys - arg - his - arg - leu - lie

  28. 3’ → anticodons → 5’ TAC-TTC-GCG-GTA-GCT-GAA-TAT 5’ → codons → 3’ AUG-AAG-CGC-CAU-CGA-CUU-AUA amino acids met - lys - arg - his - arg - leu - lie

  29. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ TTG-CTA-CAG-TAG 3’ • 3’ AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5’ • 5’ AUG-CTG-CAG-TAT 3’ • 3’ AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5’ • 3’ AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5’

  30. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ TTG-CTA-CAG-TAG 3’ • 3’ AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5’ • 5’ AUG-CTG-CAG-TAT 3’ • 3’ AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5’ • 3’ AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5’ • Anticodons, 3’ → 5’

  31. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ TTG-CTA-CAG-TAG 3’ • 3’ AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5’ • 5’ AUG-CTG-CAG-TAT 3’ • 3’ AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5’ • 3’ AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5’ • Anticodons, 3’ → 5’

  32. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 3’ GAT-GAC-ATC-GTT 5’ • 3’ AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5’ • 3’ TAT-GAC-GTC-GUA 5’ • 3’ AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5’ • 3’ AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5’ • Anticodons, 3’ → 5’

  33. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 3’ GAT-GAC-ATC-GTT 5’ • 3’ AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5’ • 3’ TAT-GAC-GTC-GUA 5’ • 3’ AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5’ • 3’ AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5’ • DNA → RNA

  34. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 3’ GAT-GAC-ATC-GTT 5’ • 3’ AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5’ • 3’ TAT-GAC-GTC-GUA 5’ • 3’ AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5’ • 3’ AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5’ • DNA → RNA

  35. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • 3’ AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5’ • 3’ TAT-GAC-GTC-GUA 5’ • 3’ AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5’ • 3’ AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5’ • DNA → RNA

  36. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • 3’ TAT-GAC-GTC-GUA 5’ • 3’ AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5’ • 3’ AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5’ • DNA → RNA

  37. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • 3’ AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5’ • 3’ AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5’ • DNA → RNA

  38. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • 3’ AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5’ • DNA → RNA

  39. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’ • DNA → RNA

  40. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’ • DNA → RNA → amino acids

  41. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • leu • B) 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • C) 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • D) 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • E) 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’

  42. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • leu • B) 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • C) 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • D) 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • E) 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’

  43. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • B) 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • C) 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • D) 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • E) 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’

  44. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • B) 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • leu • C) 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • D) 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • E) 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’

  45. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • B) 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • leu • C) 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • D) 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • E) 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’

  46. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • B) 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • C) 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • D) 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • E) 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’

  47. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • B) 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • C) 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • lie • D) 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • E) 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’

  48. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • B) 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • C) 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • lie • D) 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • E) 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’

  49. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • B) 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • C) 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • D) 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • E) 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’

  50. Question 13 A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be: • 5’ CUA-CUG-UAG-CAA 3’ • B) 5’ UUG-CUG-CAG-UAU 3’ • C) 5’ AUA-CUG-CAG-CAU 3’ • D) 5’ UUU-UUA-UAU-UGU 3’ • phe • E) 5’ UUU-CUU-AUU-GUU 3’

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