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Monarchy

Monarchy. What is a Monarchy?. The word “monarchy” comes from the Greek word monarchia , which means “rule of one”.

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Monarchy

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  1. Monarchy

  2. What is a Monarchy? • The word “monarchy” comes from the Greek word monarchia, which means “rule of one”. • Monarchy describes any form of government in which a monarch holds the highest office. A monarch is a hereditary ruler – someone who rules because s/he inherited the office through his/her family. • A “monarch” can have a range of different titles: King/ Queen, Emperor/ empress, Pharaoh, Caesar, Kaiser, Czar (or Tsar), Shah, Khan, Sultan …

  3. Can you match… • the country to its current or historical monarch?

  4. History of Monarchy • Nobody knows exactly when the first monarchies were founded, but they appeared when early societies developed classes of people, such as nobles, warriors, priests and farmers. • Early monarchs were considered special, sacred people. • In many cases they were an all-powerful ruler of the land and a nation’s supreme religious figure. • Many believed the monarch could speak directly to the gods, while others thought their monarch was chosen by God to rule their people. This is called divine right. Louis XIV of France 1638- 1712

  5. History of Monarchy • Egyptian Pharaohs were believed to be divine. • In Britain, the Royal family was described as “blue blooded”, which suggested they were better than the ordinary “red-blooded” people. • Most monarchs were men, but some were women, a famous one being Hatshepsut, who ruled Egypt in place of her stepson.

  6. How does a Monarchy work? • The crown is usually hereditary; in other words, power is passed down through the ruling family by inheritance. • A series of monarchs belonging to the same family is called a dynasty. • The longest lasting of all European dynasties was that of the Habsburgs who were in some form of power from 1438 to 1806. • A monarch will usually reign until he or she dies, although some have been forced to abdicate (give up the throne). • Can you think of any reasons why a monarch might abdicate, or be forced to abdicate, his or her position? • Why do you think the French used to say “The king is dead: long live the king!”?

  7. Monarchy & Ceremony • A “coronation” or “crowning” is a ceremony undertaken by almost all monarchs at the beginning of their reign to officially recognize their authority. • These are usually lavish, spectacular, emotional events. • The Emperor Constantine, who ruled the Roman Empire from CE307-337, made the crown an official symbol of the monarchy. • Other symbolic gestures and items include anointing with holy oil, the miter, scepter and orb.

  8. Can you identify these? scepter miter holy oil crown orb

  9. Pyramid of Power • Monarch • Nobility or aristocracy • Princes, Princesses • Bishops • Dukes, Earls, Barons, Lords • Knights and Burgesses • Peasants and town workers • Copy this pyramid into your book.

  10. Absolute Monarchy • Many monarchs in the past have had absolutepower. • They were able to make decisions about how they ruled a country without having to consult anyone. • They could even make up their own laws. • Famous autocrats include • Shi Huang-ti(221-210 BCE) built the Great Wall of China • Louis XIV (1643-1715) Dominated Europe • Czar Peter I of Russia (1682-1725) Known as “Peter the Great”. Under Peter, Russia was a modern European State. Died from complication after saving his sailors in frozen water. (Est. city of St. Petersburg).

  11. Absolute Monarchies Today

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