1 / 24

The Opiates, Smack, H and Tylenol III…….

The Opiates, Smack, H and Tylenol III……. Psychology 3506. Introduction. Anything like Opium (Morphine) Opiates are natural Opioids are all Narcotic Analgesics Sleep, no pain Narcotic has a legal meaning, so this is rarely used any more. Introduction.

callum
Télécharger la présentation

The Opiates, Smack, H and Tylenol III…….

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Opiates, Smack, H and Tylenol III……. Psychology 3506

  2. Introduction • Anything like Opium (Morphine) • Opiates are natural • Opioids are all • Narcotic Analgesics • Sleep, no pain • Narcotic has a legal meaning, so this is rarely used any more

  3. Introduction • So, there are natural and man made ones • Sap from poppy seeds • Morphine • Codeine Heroin diacetylmorphine 10 times as lipid soluble ‘semisynthetic’

  4. Introduction • Synthetics • Methadone • LAHM • Levorphanol • phenozocine • Longer lasting • Usually taken orally

  5. A Little History • The Sumerians called it the joy plant • Used extensively in classical ‘medicine’ • In 1644 the Chinese Emperor banned tobacco • So everyone started smoking opium! • By the early 1800s the Brits loved it • They still do……

  6. A Little History • 1875 UK consumption was 10 PUNDS / 1000 people! • Morphine caught on • Temperance movement • Only physicians and pharmacists could sell it • In the US consumption was higher (13 lb) • Civil War

  7. Administration and Distribution • Parenterally injected, best route to the brain • Oral administration is slow • First pass metabolism • Easy to keep relatively constant levels • Great for analgesia

  8. Administration and Distribution • Crosses Blood brain and placental barriers • Some metabolites are also psychoactive • Heroin is faster • Monoacetylmorphine

  9. How’s it work? • Even before the receptor was found it was pretty clear there was one • Molecular configuration related to effect • Must be endorphins too • Receptor sites discovered, six month later, enkephalins and endorphins discovered • Beta lipotropin in pituitary

  10. How’s it Work? • Endorphins are found in vessicles • One of the key indications that you have a neurotransmitter on your hands • They interfere with NE Ach and DA • Modulatory properties

  11. Opiate Receptors • Three or four types • Mu • Throughout limbic system • HP and amygdila • Thalamus and locus coeruleus • Responsible for most interesting effects • Weak attraction = great effect

  12. Opiate Receptors • Delta Receptor • Limbic system too, but do not overlap with mu • Cortex • Hypothalamus • Nucleus accumbens • Medulla • Many antipsychotic drugs work on delta receptors

  13. Opiate Receptors • Kappa Receptor • Nucleus accumens • VTA • Hypothalamus • Thalamus Sigma Receptor • Not just opioids • Psychotic symptoms

  14. Opiate Receptors • Periaqueductal Grey area is full of opiate receptors • When in pain, these are stimulated • Amygdila • emotion • Respiratory, cough and vomit centres • REWARD SYTEM!!!!!!! • Well, there has to be some good reason to put a needle in your arm……….

  15. Effects • Nausea • Constriction of pupils • Disrupts digestive coordination • Drop in sex hormones • Decrease in REM • Vivid daydreams though • rush

  16. Effects • Psychiatric like symptoms • Increase in SMA in small does • Decrease with large does • Spontaneous social behaviour () • Low Does • FI increase FR decrease • High Does • Both go down

  17. Effects • Monkey, rats, will work for it • Can be discriminated from other opiates • Can be generalized to other opiates

  18. Tolerance and Withdrawal • Tolerance develops quickly • No surprise here • Withdrawal bad, but not as bad as sleeping pills or martinis • 6-30 hr • restless • Hot flashes • Goose bumps • Jerky breathing • Puking et al • Kicking the habit

  19. Self Administration • chipping • Maturing out • Titrated when available • Injected, snorted smoked • Monkeys will mainline morphine!

  20. If its this fun, it can’t be good for you…… • Coma • No surprise here • OD • Cut with bad stuff • Loss of tolerance (shooting gallery effect • Mixing with other respiratory depressants

  21. More Bad Stuff • Constipation • Cancer? • Lifestyle • You get it from criminals • You share needles • You get AIDS (21% of IV drug users in the States also are HIV positive)

  22. Just Say no to Heroin • Reproductive effects • Sex hormones drop • Low birthweight babies • Welcome to Earth, this is your mother, this is your father, the withdrawal symptoms will be over in a couple of days…. • More illnesses after birth

  23. Treatement • Willpower • Synanon • Antagonist Therapy Maintenance • Methadone • British System • LAAM

More Related