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C-Notes: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses

C-Notes: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses. Stnd : B.I. 1 C . 10/30/2013. Objective:. SWBAT differentiate the complexity and general structures of prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses. What is the “ Cell Theory ”?. The idea that all living things are made up of cells.

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C-Notes: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses

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  1. C-Notes: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses Stnd: B.I. 1 C 10/30/2013 Objective: SWBAT differentiate the complexity and general structures of prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses.

  2. What is the “Cell Theory”? • The idea that all living things are made up of cells. 3 parts of the Cell theory are: • All organisms are made up of one or more cells • The cell is the basic (smallest) unit of life • All cells come from pre-existing cells.

  3. What is the exceptions to the “Cell Theory”? • Viruses • Disease-causing, nonliving particles • are not made up of cells and do NOTcontain genetic material (DNA). • Viruses reproduce inside another cell, called the host cell. • Ex: HIV, Influenza, Common Cold, Polioviruses, Rabies viruses

  4. What are Cells? • The smallest workingunits that is capable of performing all of life’s function

  5. Where do Cells come from? • All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division (mitosis or meiosis).

  6. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  7. Would you like to see some examples? Even if you don’t, too bad.

  8. Remember… • These are magnified images taken with microscopes • Some cells have been stained with color so you can see them better.

  9. Nerve Cell

  10. Bacteria Cell

  11. Tree cells from the stomach of a possum.

  12. Brain Cell

  13. Cornstalk Cells

  14. Mammalian Tissue

  15. Who isRobert Hooke? • The first personto see cells using a thin slice of cork found in the bark of a cork tree with his microscope. • He named them cells because they resembled tiny rooms

  16. What are the two types of Cells? • Prokaryotic Cells • Eukaryotic Cells

  17. What are Prokaryotic Cells? (Before the Nucleus) • Found in Unicellular Organism (Single-Celled Organism) • DoNOThave a nucleus to hold its circular DNA molecule (nucleoid), so the DNA remains to float freely in the cytoplasm. • Ex: Bacteria and Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria)

  18. Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli) • capsule: slimy outer coating • cell wall: tougher middle layer • cell membrane: delicate inner skin

  19. Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli) • cytoplasm: inner liquid filling • DNA in one big loop • pilli: for sticking to things • flagella: for swimming • ribosomes: for building proteins

  20. Prokaryote lifestyle • unicellular: all alone • colony: forms a film • filamentous: forms a chain of cells

  21. Prokaryote Feeding • Photosynthetic: energy from sunlight • Disease-causing: feed on living things • Decomposers: feed on dead things

  22. What are Eukaryotic Cells?(After the Nucleus) • Found in Multi-Cellular Organism called Eukaryotes • contains many organelles surrounded by membranes • Store their DNA in the Nucleus • Ex: plants and animals

  23. Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated • Have organelles • Have chromosomes • can be multicellular • include animal and plant cells

  24. Organelles are membrane-bound cell parts • Mini “organs” that have unique structures and functions • Located in cytoplasm

  25. Eukaryotic • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

  26. “Typical” Animal Cell

  27. “Typical” Plant Cell

  28. What are the complexity and structural components of Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells? • Unicellular (Single-Celled Organism) • Cell Wall that surrounds the Cell (Plasma) Membrane • Has DNA, RNA, and Ribosomes that float freely in the cell. • No NUCLEUS  has a Cellular DNA ( Nucleus-Like, irregularly shapped) • Flagellum (Tail, for movement) • Reproduces Asexually, binary fission (divide in half) , Conjugations ( connects and exchange DNA) • Multi-Cellular Organism (10x larger in size) • Cell Membrane • Cell Wall (only in plants) • Ribosomes • Contains a Nucleus (has DNA inside) • Contains many Membrane-Bounded Organelles (Tiny structural Bodies ; ex: chloroplast; mitochondria) for certain jobs • Growth and Replication by Mitosis and Meiosis.

  29. What are the 3 structures that are both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cellhave? • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm (jelly-like fluid “soupy” area) • DNA (found in the Nucleus in Plants and Animal Cells)

  30. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes simple and easy to grow can specialize fast reproduction multicellularity all the same can build large bodies Advantages of each kind of cell architecture

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