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China After the Revolution

The Rise of New Revolutionary Groups. China After the Revolution. Areas to consider. What was the new government following the fall of the Manchu? Yuan Shikai The warlord era Who were the Guomindang (GMD)? Sun Yatsen and 3 principles Development of Chinese Communist Party.

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China After the Revolution

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  1. The Rise of New Revolutionary Groups China After the Revolution

  2. Areas to consider What was the new government following the fall of the Manchu? Yuan Shikai The warlord era Who were the Guomindang (GMD)? Sun Yatsen and 3 principles Development of Chinese Communist Party

  3. Recap and explore What were the characteristics of Chinese history? Challenges of Chinese history? Interpretations - country divides (China, Japan, USSR, Atlantic community)

  4. ‘A revolution against the world to join the world’ (Abandoned archaic systems - wanted to adapt new W. ideas in order to drive out the foreigners and restore old glories)

  5. Rule of Yuan Shikai - ‘Modernising Conservative’ Yuan Shikai (done the deal) - little GMD could do (power in S. Nanjing - govt. N.) Republicanism too sophisticated for peasants Yuan acceptable to gentry and merchants - no social reform or economic reform - confusion and uncertainty Ruled as military dictator (despite frail parliamentary institutions - closed down with provincial assemblies). Opposition bribed or crushed. ‘Emperor’ but rebellions. No vision for new system; dissolved GMD Died 1916 - further disintegration

  6. The Warlord Era Yuan had faults – so did Republican contempories – naive and corrupt Did attempt resolve problems & reassert central authority At least held the country together Death ushered in chaotic period ‘the Era of the Warlords’ 1916-27

  7. The Warlord Era Japan ‘21 demands’ – mood of intense nationalism ‘4 May movement’ – series of anti-foreigner demonstrations May – month learned about Versailles agreement (lost former German territories – Shandong province, port of Quingdao) despite support for Allies 1919 – embrace of Marxism following Russian Revolution 1921 – founding of CCP – 1922 united front with GMD = ‘a revolutionary alliance’ – rid China of warlords and foreign imperialists

  8. Nature of Warlord Rule Nominal republican government Little real power – split into factions – couldn’t maintain loyal army so couldn’t impose will on provinces So provinces under influence of private armies – commanders took civil authority too – answerable to selves Own laws and taxation systems Cf. Renaissance Italy or War of Roses in England ‘Confusion and fragmentation’

  9. Phases of Warlord Rule Pre-1920 Post-1920 First warlords – power by default – in power at time. Conservative. After 1920 new military commanders appeared – opportunists seized power

  10. Sun Yatsen

  11. Mao Zedong

  12. Sun Yatsen and the GMD

  13. The Development of the Chinese Communist Party

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