The Archaic Period

1. The Archaic Period 620 to 490/80 BCE

2. Temple Architecture – use book to define • stylobate • fluting • capital • volute • Doric order • Ionic order • pediment • frieze • peripteral • naos/cella

3. Peripteral is a temple that has a single row of columns around it’s perimeter. Cella (or Naos) – Central room in a temple.

4. Temple of Hera I, Paestum, Italy 550 BCE

5. Freestanding Sculpture • Lifesize or larger, these sculptures would be standing or in stride with one foot in front of the other. • Brightly painted (even though we can’t see it anymore) • Kore: female statue • Kouros: male statue • Similar to EGYPTIAN SCULPTURE

6. Standing Kouros (meaning youth) • 580 BCE, Marble • Echoes Egypt • Hair is patterned with consistent knots. STYLIZED • Archaic smile • Rigid • Striding • Idealized

7. Kroisos Kouros • Cemetery at Anavysos, Athens • 530 BCE, Marble • Powerful, round body • A continual interest in artist’s rendering the human body with more detail • Stride, arms, fists, hair, and archaic smile

8. Peplos Kore • Acropolis, Athens • 530 BCE, Marble • peplos: garment, draped rectangular cloth • Motionless, vertical, stylized hair • fluting

9. Kore (from Chios?) • 520 BCE, Marble • Rich drapery, softer features, and life-like anatomy • Chiton: like a peplos, but fuller of ornate detail

10. Calf Bearer • Acropolis, Athens 560 BCE • Archaic smile, tufted hair, wide-open eyes • “X” composition

11. Archaic Vase Painting During the Archaic period, Athens = center for manufacture and trade for pottery. Athens adopted the Corinthian black-figure style.

12. TYPES OF VASES • Amphora from the Greek "To carry on both sides." was used for storage and was a large vessel (also called the belly amphora) • Krater – Mixing bowl (ex: the Geometric Krater….but this one had no bottom and most have enclosed bottoms.

13. EXEKIAS, Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game (detail from an Attic black-figure amphora), from Vulci, Italy, ca. 540-530 BCE • Hierarchal sizing, exquisite contour detailing and composition • Sgraffito linework (incision) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2fdtepbkz8

14. Suicide of Ajax, 540 BCE black-figure on amphora, • Painter Exekias • Considered the finest of Athenian vase painters, took subjects from Greek history

15. Euphronios was a student of Exekias. • Euphronios interested in depicting human figure as it is seen taking up real space, very different from what we have seen thus far. • Twisted composition helps with struggle and motion of figures • Calyx Krater – used to hold wine. EUPHRONIOS, Herakles wrestling Antaios(detail of an Attic red-figure calyx krater), from Cerveteri, Italy, ca. 510 BCE

16. Peplos Kore column Peripteral • P______ K____ (530 BCE) references a c________ with rigidity and linearity. • P_________ is a temple that has a single row of columns around it’s perimeter. • Columns rest on a s__________, aka the top step of a temple. • The n______, or c______, is the central room in a Greek temple. • A p________ is the triangular top section on the e______ and w______ side of a temple. • E________ painted both A_______ and A_____ Playing a D_____ G______ AND the S________ of Ajax. Both are examples of Greek b_______ f_______ p________ vases. stylobate cella naos pediment west east Exekias Achilles Ajax Dice Game Suicide black figure painting

17. kouros kore Euphronios Exekias • K______ is a standing nude male statue. • K_____ is a draped female statue. • E__________ is a red–figure vessel painter who was the student of E_______. • The C_____-B_______ is depicted with the iconic A_______ s_____ • A ch______ is a flowing, draped female clothe. Calf Bearer Archaic smile chiton

18. Architectural Sculpture – TRANSITION TO CLASSICAL PERIOD • High relief:3-D image or design whose flat background surface is carved away to a high depth. • Caryatids:columns carved in the form of draped women.

19. WEST PEDIMENT OF THE TEMPLE OF APHAIA, AEGINA, GREECE, 500-490 BCE, MARBLE • Greeks more concerned with representing motion rather than Egyptian Obsession with Permanence/Stability • Nude – Their “perfect” ideal body form for all to see • Theme: Battle of the Greeks and Trojans with Athena at the center of bloody combat (Athena the largest b/c Superhuman) • Triangular/unified theme overall with statuary

20. WEST PEDIMENT 500-490 • STILL IN ARCHAIC MODE • LOOKS OUT AT SPECTATOR DESPITE BRONZE ARROW PUNCTURING CHEST • TORSO RIGIDLY FRONTAL & UN-NATURALISTIC

21. EAST PEDIMENT • Dying Warrior, Doric Temple of Aphaia at Aegina • 480 BCE, Marble • Cleverly designed to hit in the corner of the pediment. • MORE NATURAL & COMPLEX • TOSO AT ANGLE • REACTS TO WOUND AS HUMAN WOULD • NOT CONCERNED WITH THE SPECTATOR (NOT LOOKING OUT AT US)

22. WEST PEDIMENT 500-490 500 BCE 480 BCE

23. GREEK ARCHAIC QUICK FACTS WRITE 5 FACTS/READ EACH TITLE FOR DIRECTIONS

25. Temple Architecture – CUT OUT EACH WORD AND PASTE TO AREA ON PICTURE – TRY TO DO THIS WITHOUT THE BOOK OR NOTES! • stylobate • fluting • capital • volute • Doric order • Ionic order • pediment • frieze • peripteral • naos/cella

26. WRITE 5 FACTS/READ EACH TITLE FOR DIRECTIONS GREEK GEOMETRIC QUICK FACTS

27. GREEK VASE QUICK FACTS (GEOMETRIC/ORIENTALIZING/ARCHAIC)