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NAJRAN UNIVERSITY College of Applied Medical Sciences

NAJRAN UNIVERSITY College of Applied Medical Sciences. General Microbiology Course Lecture No. 9. By. Dr. Ahmed Morad Asaad Associate Professor of Microbiology. Genetic engineering

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NAJRAN UNIVERSITY College of Applied Medical Sciences

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  1. NAJRAN UNIVERSITY College of Applied Medical Sciences General Microbiology Course Lecture No. 9 By Dr. Ahmed MoradAsaad Associate Professor of Microbiology

  2. Genetic engineering • *- A method to isolate genes coding for certain properties and join them together to form new combinations. • *- Also called genetic recombination, recombinant DNA technology, DNA cloning. • *- Major 3 steps (It requires): • 1- Separation of required gene (by restriction endonuclease). • 2- Carrying this gene by a vector • 3- Introducing the gene into a host cell (by transformation)

  3. Restriction endonucleases: • *- Enzymes from bacteria and fungi that can recognize and cut DNA fragments (genes) at specific sites • Vectors: • 1- Plasmids • 2- Bacteriophage • 3- Cosmids: circular double-stranded DNA molecule constructed from plasmid DNA+phage DNA. They carry large genes • 4- Retroviruses and adenoviruses

  4. Recombinant DNA technique: • 1- Chromosomal DNA is extracted and cleaved by Restriction endonuclease which cut at specific sites to separate the required fragment containing the required gene (insert) • 2- The vector (e.g., plasmid) is cleaved by the same step • 3- The insert + vector are mixed under certain conditions. This results in recombinant plasmid = plasmid+insert • 4- By transformation, the recombinant plasmid is introduced into a suitable host (bacteria or yeast cell) which can replicate autonomousely

  5. Recombinant DNA technique: • 5- This host cell can be identified by the new properties carried on the plasmid • 6- On replication, big number of insert will be produced

  6. Applications of recombinant DNA technology: • 1- Extensive chromosomal and genes studies • 2- Preparation of probes for diagnostic purposes • 3- Production of proteins of medical importance (large amount + low coast) • 4- production of recombinant vaccines • 5- Gene therapy (virus vectors)

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