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LUSI Status and Early Science

This document provides an overview of the LUSI project's progress, including the readiness of the XPP instruments for CD-4a. It details the capabilities of the XPP instrument, including time-resolved X-ray diffraction and protein crystallography techniques.

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LUSI Status and Early Science

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  1. LUSI Status and Early Science J. Hastings

  2. LUSI CD-4 Dates • Ready for CD-4a July 2010 XPP • Diffractometer system, detector system, shared laser • Ready for CD-4b July 2011 CXI • 1 micron focus, supported samples, detector system • Ready for CD-4c April 2012 • XPP, CXI and XCS complete Definition: LUSI early science – XPP capabilities at CD-4a

  3. XPP Instrument Location Near Experimental Hall X-ray Transport Tunnel AMO (LCLS) XPP Endstation XCS CXI Far Experimental Hall

  4. XPP X-ray Instrumentation Diagram

  5. XPP Optics Table (Hutch 2)

  6. XPP Diffractometer System • Detector Mover • Orient and Position Samples

  7. XPP Detector System • Dynamic range 10,000 • 1024 x 1024 90 micron pixels • Developed by BNL

  8. NEH Hutch 3

  9. XPP Hutch 3 Components

  10. The Pump-probe Technique C. W. Siders

  11. X-ray Pump-Probe Science • Phase Transitions • Order / Disorder • Metal/Insulator • Phonon Dynamics • Charge Transfer Reactions • Photosynthesis • Photovoltaics • Vision • Photoactive Proteins photo- excitation Stampfli and Bennemann Phys. Rev. B 49, 7299 (1994) photo- excitation

  12. Experimental Techniques • Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction (TRXD) • Single crystals • Time-Resolve Diffuse Scattering (TRDS) • Single crystals, powders & liquids • Time-Resolved Protein Crystallography (TRPX)

  13. Observations: Higher Q reflections exhibit faster dynamics (linear in Q) Diffracted intensity decay is Gaussian-like. Lindenberg et al.Science 308, 392 (2005)

  14. The Inertial Transition State Conclusion: At short times (t<500 fs) following excitation, the atoms move ballistically from their equilibrium positions at room temperature velocities. Overall long-range order is not lost! 2.3 Å /ps Lindenberg et al.Science 308, 392 (2005)

  15. Transition from inertial to diffusive dynamics and the onset of liquid-like dynamics inertial regime D111 = 7 x 10-6 cm2/sec D220 = 4 x 10-6 cm2/sec diffusive regime Extracted diffusion coefficients in good agreement with known values Indicates influence of surrounding cage of atoms on dynamics Evidence for anisotropy in the initially-formed non-equilibrium liquid Gaffney et al., PRL,95, 125701 (2005)

  16. Femtosecond measurements of the structure of a liquid Lindenberg et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 135502 (2008)

  17. Small Q Regime: Observation of divergence at low Q? • divergence near q=0 implies g(r) becomes long-ranged • x-ray analogue of critical opalescence • Indication of critical dynamics, large amplitude fluctuations, clusters and voids developing on longer length-scales 0-30 ps compression rarifaction • It takes time for fluctuations on longer length-scales to form. Lorazo et al. PRB 73 134108 (06)

  18. Femtosecond x-ray measurements of coherent vibrations in Bi

  19. Nature, 422,p. 287 (2003) 467 fs Nature 422, 287 (2003)

  20. x a a a f n(t),x(t) Ultrafast measurement of atomic displacements N=12463 D. M. Fritz et al., Science 315, 633 (2007)

  21. Schotte et al., Science 300, 1944 (03)

  22. F. Schotte et.al. Science,300,1944 (2003)

  23. Summary • LUSI baseline fits the funding profile and delivers XPP, CXI and XCS • XPP early science starts July 2010 capable of: • Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction (TRXD) • Single crystals • Time-Resolve Diffuse Scattering (TRDS) • Single crystals, powders & liquids • Time-Resolved Protein Crystallography (TRPX)

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