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Glides (/w/, /j/) & Liquids (/l/, /r/)

Degree of Constriction Greater than vowels P oral slightly greater than P atmos Less than fricatives P oral for glides/liquids < P oral for fricatives Constriction lasts ~ 100 msec Constriction results in a loss in energy weaker formants. Transition rate faster than the diphthongs

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Glides (/w/, /j/) & Liquids (/l/, /r/)

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  1. Degree of Constriction Greater than vowels Poral slightly greater than Patmos Less than fricatives Poral for glides/liquids < Poralfor fricatives Constriction lasts ~ 100 msec Constriction results in a loss in energy weaker formants Transition rate faster than the diphthongs slower than the stops lasts ~ 75-250 msec Glides (/w/, /j/) & Liquids (/l/, /r/) Associated with 1. high degree of vocal tract constriction 2. articulatory transition Stephen M. Tasko

  2. Place: labial Acoustics /u/-like formant frequencies Constriction  formant values F1 ~ 330 Hz F2 ~ 730 Hz weak F3 (~ 2300 Hz) /w/ 3000 F3 2000 Freq (Hz) F2 1000 F1 V V w Stephen M. Tasko

  3. Place: palatal Acoustics /i/-like formant frequencies F1 ~ 300 Hz F2 ~ 2200 Hz F3 ~ 3000 Hz 3000 F3 2000 F2 1000 F1 V j V /j/ Freq (Hz) Stephen M. Tasko

  4. /j/ V j V Stephen M. Tasko

  5. Liquids (/l/, /r/) • lateral /l/ • Rhotic /r/ • Pickett (1999) considers these consonants glides as well Stephen M. Tasko

  6. Place: palatal Articulatory phonetics Variable tongue positions “bunched” “retroflexed” Allophonic Variations Some suggest “dark” (CV) –very low F3 “light” (VC) –F3 not as low Acoustics Hallmark of /r/ is a low F3 F1 ~ 350 Hz F2 ~ 1050 Hz F3 ~ 1550 Hz Vowels have F3 above 2200 Hz Vowels around /r/ are colored or F3 values lower than usual /r/ Stephen M. Tasko

  7. /r/ Freq (Hz) 3000 F3 2000 F2 1000 F1 V r V Stephen M. Tasko

  8. Role of F3 transition in /w/ vs. /r/ perception Stephen M. Tasko

  9. /r/ “coloring” of vowels // // Stephen M. Tasko

  10. Articulatory Variability and /r/ Stephen M. Tasko

  11. Point parameterized representation Bunched Stephen M. Tasko

  12. Point parameterized representation Retroflexed Stephen M. Tasko

  13. Between-speaker variation “row” “row” JW39 tp004 JW45 tp004 Very common Stephen M. Tasko

  14. Within-speaker variation: different context “row” “dorm” JW37 tp009 JW37 tp099 Common Stephen M. Tasko

  15. Within-speaker variation: same context “right” “right” JW37 tp009 JW37 tp099 Not common, but possible! Stephen M. Tasko

  16. N=53 normal speakers Not just two different configurations, but a whole family of possible configuration From Westbury et al. (1998) Stephen M. Tasko

  17. How can these vastly different tongue configurations lead to similar acoustic/perceptual consequences? Stephen M. Tasko

  18. Stephen M. Tasko

  19. Summary • There is a wide distribution of articulatory configurations for /r/ • Different articulatory configurations of /r/ are indistinguishable acoustically and perceptually • Different tongue configurations can produce equivalent area functions • Some parts of the area function are more critical than others for determining key acoustic/perceptual effects Stephen M. Tasko

  20. Clinical Digression • Clinically, /r/ is a difficult sound for children to learn. • Is there anything from our discussion that might suggest why this might be the case? Stephen M. Tasko

  21. Place: alveolar Articulatory phonetics: tongue tip contacts alveolar ridge, splitting the vocal tract Introduces antiformants Acoustics F1 ~ 360 Hz F2 ~ 1300 Hz F3 ~ 2700 Hz F2 is variable and affected by vowel environment Transition often looks more abrupt than other sounds discussed Allophonic variations Light /l/: CV environment Dark /l/: VC environment /l/ Stephen M. Tasko

  22. /l/ 3000 F3 2000 Freq (Hz) F2 1000 F1 V l V Stephen M. Tasko

  23. /l/ V l V Stephen M. Tasko

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