A.P. European History Absolutism v Constitutionalism

1. A.P. European History Absolutism v Constitutionalism

2. European Governments The Stuarts 100 200 300 400 500 England Limited Monarchy 100 200 300 400 500 France Absolutism 100 200 300 400 500 Odds & Ends 100 200 300 400 500 Eastern Europe 100 200 300 400 500

3. Who was James I (or James VI of Scotland)? MAIN He was the first Stuart King of England as well as the King of Scotland who alienated Parliament with his firm belief in the Divine Right of Kings. SUBJECT: The Stuarts 500 400 300 200 100

4. Who was Mary II of William and Mary fame? MAIN She was the eldest daughter of James II of England who married the Protestant Stadtholder of the Netherlands in 1677. SUBJECT: The Stuarts 500 400 300 200 100

5. What was the Petition of Right? MAIN This was the document limiting the power of the English King, presented to Charles I in 1628, when he needed money to finance his foreign wars. 500 400 SUBJECT: The Stuarts 300 200 100

6. Who were the Whigs and the Tories? MAIN These were the two political parties formed during the reign of Charles II one the opposition party to the King and the other loyal to the King. 500 400 SUBJECT: The Stuarts 300 200 100

7. What was the Treaty of Dover? MAIN This was James II deal with Louis XIV where England would be given money, in return, for when things are right, he turns England Catholic. 500 400 SUBJECT: The Stuarts 300 200 100

8. What was the English Bill of Rights in 1689? MAIN This was the document that William and Mary recognized and signed that limited the power of the English King and guaranteed certain civil liberties to England’s elite. SUBJECT: England Limited Monarchy 500 400 300 200 100

9. MAIN What was the Rump Parliament ? This was the name given to the remnants of the English legislative assembly that were left when Royalist and moderates were barred from participating by Colonel Thomas Pride in 1648. SUBJECT: England Limited Monarchy 500 400 300 200 100

10. What was the New Model Army? MAIN This was the name of the Puritan Army which was reorganized and turned into a formidable fighting force by Oliver Cromwell. SUBJECT: England Limited Monarchy 500 400 300 200 100

11. Who was Robert Walpole? MAIN Under George I, he was the first person in the Prime Minister position, which was created to control the House of Commons, foreign affairs and maintain general peace. SUBJECT: England Limited Monarchy 500 400 300 200 100

12. What was the Test Act of 1672? MAIN This was the law passed by the English Parliament that required all officials of the crown civil and military to swear an oath against the doctrine of transubstantiation. SUBJECT: England Limited Monarchy 500 400 300 200 100

13. What was the Palace of Versailles? MAIN This was the elaborate palace built by Louis XIV and used to limit the power of the nobility by requiring many nobles to be present at court and to follow elaborate court protocol. SUBJECT: France - Absolutism 500 400 300 200 100

14. Who was Cardinal Richelieu? MAIN He was the brilliant chief minister of Louis XIII who made the French Monarch the most powerful king in Europe. SUBJECT: France - Absolutism 500 400 300 200 100

15. Who was Cardinal Jules Mazarin? MAIN He was the brilliant successor to Richelieu, a cardinal, former soldier, and educated by the Jesuit’s who was Louis XIV’s chief minister during his regency. SUBJECT: France - Absolutism 500 400 300 200 100

16. Who was Jean Colbert ? (no relation to Stephen) MAIN He was the brilliant finance minister of Louis XIV who used mercantilism or state control of the economy that maximized exports and amassed gold and silver bullion. SUBJECT: France - Absolutism 500 400 300 200 100

17. What was the War of Devolution? MAIN This was the first great foreign adventure of Louis XIV to take control of the Spanish Netherlands by right of his wife’s claims to Philip IV, the Spanish King. 500 SUBJECT: France - Absolutism 400 300 200 100

18. What was the Glorious Revolution? MAIN This was the name given to almost bloodless overthrow of James II of England by Parliament and William and Mary. SUBJECT: Odds & Ends 500 400 300 200 100

19. What was the War of the Spanish Succession? MAIN This was the war that France fought in 1701 with The Grand Alliance, ( The Holy Roman Empire, Holland and England) that sought to maintain a balance of power in Europe. SUBJECT: Odds & Ends 500 400 300 200 100

20. What was The Fronde? MAIN These were a series of rebellions against the King of France organized by French nobles and the Paris mob that forced Louis XIV, his mother, and Cardinal Mazarin to flee Paris. SUBJECT: Odds & Ends 500 400 300 200 100

21. Who were the Jansenists and Jansenism? MAIN This was the name given to the French opponents centered around the city of Port Royal who were opposed to the theological or religious thinking of the Jesuits. SUBJECT: Odds & Ends 500 400 300 200 100

22. Who was Bishop Bossuet? MAIN He created ‘divine right’… power from God to rule earth on his behalf. Huguenots resist this type of rule!!!! SUBJECT: Odds & Ends 500 400 300 200 100

23. What was the Pragmatic Sanction? MAIN This was the agreement that Charles VI of Austria had the rulers of Europe sign in order to allow his daughter to rule the Austrian Empire. SUBJECT: Eastern Europe 500 400 300 200 100

24. Who were the Junkers? MAIN These were the nobles of Prussia who agreed to follow the Hohnezollern rule in exchange for absolute power over their serfs. SUBJECT: Eastern Europe 500 400 300 200 100

25. Who was Frederick William (The Great Elector)? MAIN He was the ruler of Brandenburg – Prussia in 1640 – 1688 who was the first to begin to consolidate Hohenzollern lands into what would become the nation state of Prussia. SUBJECT: Eastern Europe 500 400 300 200 100

26. Who was Leopold I of Austria (Hapsburg)? MAIN He was the Austrian Emperor who was able to have his domains in Hungary recognized by the Ottoman Turks and resisted the power of Louis XIV as well as conquer most of the Balkan Peninsula and parts of Romania. SUBJECT: Eastern Europe 500 400 300 200 100

27. Who was Frederick William I? MAIN He was the Prussian leader who increased the size of the Prussian army to become one of the largest in Europe and formed the General Directory to improve the efficiency of his government. 500 SUBJECT: Eastern Europe 400 300 200 100