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The – te form Creating a Verb in the – te Form Creating an Adjective in the – te Form

Class Session 14a Chapter 9. The – te form Creating a Verb in the – te Form Creating an Adjective in the – te Form Creating a Negative – te Form Listing Actions Listing Properties Expressing a Cause-and-Effect Relationship Using the – te Form Expression a Manner Using the – te Form

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The – te form Creating a Verb in the – te Form Creating an Adjective in the – te Form

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  1. Class Session 14a Chapter 9 • The –te form • Creating a Verb in the –te Form • Creating an Adjective in the –te Form • Creating a Negative –te Form • Listing Actions • Listing Properties • Expressing a Cause-and-Effect Relationship Using the –te Form • Expression a Manner Using the –te Form • Requesting with the –te Form + kudasai Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

  2. The –te form - Verbs • Verbs and adjectives in the te-form1 end in te or de as in tabete (eat) , nonde (drink), • takakute (expensive), kirei de (pretty) and gakusei de (student) • Basic function of the te-form is to show the verb or adjective is followed by an • additional verb or adjective in the same sentence, representing a meaning like • do something, and . . . or to be someway/something and . . . • All the verbs in this sentence are in the te-form except the last verb; the time of • action is indicated by the final verb: • kinō wa, bangohan o tabete, terebi o mite, nemashita. • Yesterday, I ate supper, watched TV, and went to bed. • The time of action in these sentences is the future: • kyō wa, bangohan o tabete, terebi o mite, nemasu. • Today, I will eat supper, watch TV, and go to bed. • -------------------------------- • 1Sometimes also called the “connective form” Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

  3. The –te form - Adjectives • The same logic applies to adjectives in the te-form: • yamada-san wa atama go yokute, kirei de, yasashii desu. • Ms. Yamada is smart, pretty, and kind. • kyonen no nihon-go no kurasu wa shukudai ga ookute, tesuto ga • muzukashikute, taihen deshita. • Last year’s Japanese class had a lot of homework and difficult tests, • and it was a lot of work. Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

  4. Creating a Verb in the –te Form To create a verb in the te-form from the plain past affirmative form, change the final syllable from ta and da to te and de respectively: Verb Plain Past te-form Affirmative taberu (to eat) tabetatabete iku (to go) ittaitte hanasu (to speak) hanashitahanashite nomu (to drink) nondanonde Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

  5. Creating an Adjective in the –te Form • The te-form of an i-adjective is created by adding kute to the end of the stem: • takai taka taka-kute • The te-form of a na-adjective is created by adding de at the end of the stem: • kirei na kirei kirei de • The adjective ii (from yoi) is slightly irregular; its te-form is yo-kute Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

  6. Creating a Negative –te Form - Verbs • You can form verbs and adjectives in the negative te-form by replacing the i at the end of the plain negative form with kute; that is you treat the plain negative form as an adjective: • Plain Present Negative • Negative Form te form • tabenai tabenakute • takakunai takakunakute • shizuka ja nai shizuka ja nakute • gakusei ja nai gakusei ja nakute • Examples: • haha ga konakute, komarimashita. • My mother did not come, and I was upset. • takakunakute, oishikute, totemo ii desu. • It is not expensive, but it is delicious and very good. Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

  7. Listing Actions • You can list multiple events and actions using the te-form; all verbs except the last • one should be in the te-form. • This construction implies sequence; the two sentences below are not the same: • kinō no ban wa, shukudai o shite, terebi o mimashita. • Last night, I did homework and watched television. • kinō no ban wa, terebi o mimashite, shukudai o shimashita. • Last night, I watched television, and did homework. • If two separate sentences are preferable, you can relate them with the conjunction sore kara: • kino no ban wa terebi o mimashita. Sore kara, shukudai o shimashita. • Last night, I watched television. Then I did homework. Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

  8. Listing Actions • When a negative te-form is used in this construction, it can be interpreted as either Do not do . . . And or without doing . . . • basu ni noranai de, takushii ni norimashita. • I did not take a bus, I took a taxi. • asa-gohan o tabenai de, gakkō ni ikimashita. • I went to school without eating breakfast. • jisho o tsukawanai de nihon-go no tegami o kakimashita. • I wrote a letter in Japanese without using a dictionary. • o-kane o karinai de, ie o kaimashita. • I bought a house without borrowing money. Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

  9. Listing Properties • You can list properties of a person or thing using adjectives in the te-form. • The last adjective in a series is in the regular form representing the correct tense: • yamada-san wa kirei de, yasashii desu. • Ms. Yamada is pretty and kind. • ano resutoran wa mazukute, kitanai desu. • That restaurant is not delicious and (it is) dirty. • ano kurasu wa testuto ga ookunakute, yokatta desu. • that class did not have many tests, and it was great. Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

  10. Expressing a Cause-and-Effect Relationship Using the –te Form • Depending on context, a phrase with a te-form can express the cause of the event or • state: • nebō shite, kurasu ni okuremashita. • I overslept, and (as a result) I was late for the class. • hataraite, tsukaremashita. • I worked, and (as a result) I got tired. • shigoto ga kirai de, kaisha o yamemashita. • I hated the work, and (as a result) I quit the company. • kinō no tesuto wa muzukashikute, wakarimasen deshita. • Yesterday’s test was difficult, and (as a result) I did not understand it. • kaze o hiite, kurasu oyasumimashita. • I caught a cold and missed the class. • nihon-go no sensei wa daigakuin no gakusei de, amari kibishiku arimasen. • The Japanese teacher is a graduate student and is not very strict. Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

  11. Expressing a Manner Using the –te Form • Manner or means can be expressed for an action using the te-form: • aruite daigaku ni ikimasu. • I walk to school. • CD o kiite, renshū shimashō. • Let’s practice by listening to a (this) CD. Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

  12. Requesting with the –te Form + kudasai • To request someone to do something, use the verb in the te-form and kudasai (which is derived from kudasaru, give to me/us) • tatte kudasai (from tatsu, to stand up) means something like “stand up, and give it to me as a service or favor,” but actually means “Please stand up” • nonde kudasai. yonde kudasai. • Please drink (it). Please read (it). • To request someone not do something, use the negative te-form: • tatanai de kudasai.nomanai de kudasai. • Please do not stand. Please do not drink (it). • To make the request more polite, add masen ka to the end: • tate kudasaimasen ka.tatanai de kudasaimasen ka. • Please stand (polite). Please do not stand (polite). Japanese 1100-L14a-07-19-2012

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