Drugs and Substance Abuse

1. Drugs and Substance Abuse Britany Garrett Erin Vavricka Armand Barrios Bailey Nelson Hillary Beard

2. Cannabinoids

3. Types of Cannabinoids Hashish Marijuana

4. Feelings of euphoria • Memory problems • Confusion • Anxiety • Higher heart rate • Poor reaction time

5. Health Effects of Marijuana • Brain development • Respiratory problems • Increased heart rate • Mental health problems

6. Adolescents and Marijuana Marijuana is the illicit drug most likely to be used by teens in the U.S. 45.3 % of U.S. 12th graders reported having used marijuana once or more in a lifetime With 22.9% reporting use in the previous 30 days. (University of Washington ADAI, 2012)

7. Marijuana use among teenagers was on the decline in the 1990s until mid-late 2000s, but has been on the increase since then. • As perception of risks goes down, use goes up (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2014)

8. Hallucinogens What are they? How do I say no?

9. What are hallucinogens? Examples: LSD PCP Magic mushrooms Mescaline (peyote cactus) Colorado River toad Hallucinogens (also known as psychedelics) can make a person see, hear, smell, feel or taste things that aren’t really there or are different from how they are in reality.

10. Effects of Hallucinogens Feeling happy and relaxed Seeing and hearing things that aren’t there Confusion and trouble concentrating Dizziness Blurred vision Clumsiness Fast or irregular heart beat Breathing quickly Vomiting Sweating and chills Numbness

11. Bad Trip “Sometimes a ‘bad trip’ may be experienced, involving a disturbing hallucination. This can lead to panic and risky behavior, like running across a road or attempting suicide.”(www.druginfo.org)

12. Depressants/“Downers” • Depress stimulation to the brain • Lowers neurotransmission levels • Ex: Alcohol, Marijuana, and Rohypnol • Pills, Powders, Liquids

13. Effects • SHORT-TERM - Impaired Coordination • Slurred Speech • Confusion • Drowsiness • Memory Loss • Impaired Judgment • Slowed Pulse/Breathing • LONG-TERM • Addiction • Impaired Sexual Function • Chronic Sleep Problems • Respiratory Depression • Respiratory Arrest • Death

14. Prescription Drugs Readily available in the home Some are easy to get from Doctors • Barbituates • Sleep Medicines • Pain Relievers • Amphetamines • Cough and Cold Medicines (Dextromethorphan)

15. Barbituates • Promote sleep • Ease anxiety • Slow the brain’s functions • Taken with other drugs or alcohol, heart and breathing can slow, leading to death. • Phenobarbital – barbs • Seconal – reds, red birds • Nembutal – yellows, yellow jackets

16. Sleep Medicines • Nonbenzodiazepines • Powerful hypnotic and sedative effects – similar to alcohol in its ability to relax inhibition and promote sociability • Lunesta • Ambien • Sonata

17. Pain Relievers - Opioids • OxyContin, aka: Oxycodone • Percocet – contains acetaminophen (Tylenol) • Percodan – contains Aspirin • Vicodin – hydrocodone plus acetaminophen • OxyContin – Oxy, OC, OxyCotton • Percocet/Percodan – Percs

18. Amphetamines • Stimulants • Increase alertness, attention, energy • Creates sense of euphoria • Risks: Irregular heartbeat, reduced appetite, nervousness, insomnia • Ritalin (not pictured) – R-ball, vitamin R, skippy, MPH • Adderall • Dexadrine • Bennies, black beauties, speed

19. Dextromethorphan – Cough and Cold Medicines • Nonprescription medications – easily accessible • Active ingredient in many cough and cold medicines • Large doses lead to euphoria, impaired judgment, nausea, vomiting, loss of coordination, increased heart rate • Robitussin DM – Orange Crush, Triple C’s, Dex, Robo, Skittles

20. Performance Enhancing Drug Use In Adolescents Types & Possible Side Effects Risk & Protection Role Models Increased Use

21. Commonly Used PED’s & Possible Side Effects • Creatine • Dehydration, concern of harming the kidney, liver, or heart function • Anabolic Androgenic Steroids • Acne, oily skin, excess hair growth, deepening of the voice for females • Human Growth Hormone (HGH) • Nerve, muscle, or joint pain and swelling, carpal tunnel syndrome, numbness and tingling of the skin, high cholesterol, increased risk of diabetes, been known to contribute to growth of cancerous tumors in body • Erythropoietin • Fever, seizures, nausea, headache, anxiety, lethargy, fatality

22. Risk & Protection • Family Management • Lack of Supervision • Lack of caring • Low expectations for children’s success • School Risk Factors • Lack of clear school policy • Lack of student involvement • Low student/family/community commitment to school • Individual and Peer Risk Factors • Early antisocial behavior • Early development of unhealthy behaviors • Greater influence by and reliance on peers than parents • Protective factors of Self Esteem and Internal Locus Control • Self-discipline • Ability to delay gratification and control impulse • Humor-An ability to laugh at themselves and situations • Social Competence • Responsiveness • Empathy/caring • Problem-solving skills thinking critically, generating alternatives, planning • Sense of Purpose and Future • Goal directedness with persistence • Healthy expectancies • Hopefulness for a compelling future

23. Increased Use…. In 1993 Canadian Center for Drug-free Sport estimated that 83,000 children between the ages of 11 and 18 had used anabolic steroids in the previous 12 months. Recent evidence suggests anabolic steroids are now the THIRD most commonly offered drugs to children in the UK, behind cannabis and amphetamine. New research conducted for the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency finds that “Americans rank the use of performance-enhancing drugs as the most serious problem facing sports today.”

24. Role Models Used PEDs Did not use Marion Jones: 5 time Olympian medalist – Taken away Ben Johnson: 100 Meter Gold Medalist – Taken away A-Rod: Baseball Roger Clemons: Baseball Lance Armstrong: Titles taken away • Babe Ruth: MLB • LeBron James: NBA • Allison Aldrich: Para Sit Volleyball • Usain Bolt: Olympian sprinter • Lisa Leslie: WNBA • Blake Admas: Para Swimming

26. Lastly…. “The American recipe for success is to work hard, show discipline, and stay dedicated to personal goals. There is no shame in defeating or being defeated, for in striving to win against the competitor, both athletes are inspired to perform at their best.” (Woods 2012) Remember, today’s youth is tomorrows future!

27. Refusal Skills Provide a reason or excuse - “I can’t because I have a huge test tomorrow that I have to study for.” - “My parents already took away my phone this week, if they found out I was doing drugs they would ground me for months.”

28. Refusal Skills Change the subject - “Let’s go see a movie instead.” - “How about we go on a bike ride?” Use humor - “Pot makes you fat, and I can’t afford to get the munchies before swimsuit season!” - “I can’t buy drugs; I’ve got a prom ticket to buy”

29. Refusal Skills Turn the tables - “Why does it matter so much to you if I do drugs or not?” - “I don’t want to. Why are you being so pushy?” State the truth - “Wow, I’m sensing some of that peer pressure my parents are always taking about.” Then smile and walk away.

30. Refusal Skills • Accept the person. Reject the behavior. • “I respect your choice to do drugs, so please respect mine not to.”

31. How to say no… “My life's difficult enough without having to deal with this added hassle.” (health24.com) “No thanks. I've heard it takes one's sex drive away.”(health24.com) “Sorry, I’m on a drug-free diet.”(bluelight.org) “Sorry, I’m on a drug-free diet.”(bluelight.org) “My coach says ___ (using drugs, smoking, drinking, etc.) will hurt my game.” (teensincharge.org)