1. Forest Ecosystem Services Dr Tim Payn Presentation to RSNZ Workshop 9th August 2011

2. Contributors • Richard Yao • Luke Barry • Peter Clinton • Kit Richards • James Turner • Dave Palmer • Barbara Höck • Andrew McEwen

3. Building on the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment Air, land, water, and all living organisms ECOSYSTEMS Places (e.g: Broad Habitats) where biological, chemical and physical interactions occur. In terrestrial habitats these include above and below ground processes ECOSYSTEM SERVICES The benefits people get from ecosystems Provisioning services Crops, Livestock, Game, Fisheries, Water supply, Wild species diversity (genetic resources) Regulating services Climate, Hazards, Detoxification & Purification, Disease/pest control Pollination Cultural services Aesthetic, Spiritual, Inspirational, Educational, Recreation, Tourism Wild species diversity ECOSYSTEM APPROACH “the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way” Convention on Biological Diversity Supporting services Necessary for the delivery of other ecosystem services Soil formation, Nutrient cycling, Water cycling, Primary production Slide from Steve Albon, The James Hutton Institute

4. International Forest related ES activities

5. New Zealand’s Current Forest Products INPUTS FOREST OUTPUTS Land People Values Plants Energy Sunshine Soil Water Timber Pulp and Paper $4-5bn/yr

6. Potential Forest Products and Services INPUTS FOREST OUTPUTS Land People Values Plants Energy Sunshine Soil Water Provisioning Timber Pulp and Paper Energy Food Water supply Biodiversity $4-5bn/yr New products, markets, income Regulating GHG mitigation Water quality Erosion control Flood mitigation Pollution control Cultural Aesthetics Wellbeing Recreation 2-5 x the value

7. Ecosystem Services provided by planted forests Clean water and flood prevention 6 % of waterways in planted forests $157m – 2004 North Island flood damage Energy 6% of New Zealand’s liquid fuel use 18.3PJ/yr Recreation $15m/yr – Whakarewarewa forest Erosion cost $159m/yr GHG Mitigation 9.2 m NZUs in 2010 Biodiversity enhancement $26.2m/yr

8. Potential for additional Ecosystem Services Recreation ?? Depends on location Erosion Decrease by up to 25% in some regions Water quality and Flood mitigation - Depends on design Biodiversity ??? Energy > 100% of NZ transport fuels GHG mitigation New Functional Forests - up to 2.5m hectares

9. Carbon price impacts on land use Adams, T., Turner, J., 2011. An investigation into the effects of an emissions trading scheme on forest management and land use in New Zealand. Forest Policy and Economics (in press)

10. New forests and erosion

11. Value of Recreation in Whakarewarewa Forest • $15.4 million per year • Walkers - $5.2 million per year • Mountain bikers - $10.2 million per year • Additional value ~ 5 times timber value

12. ‘Wants’ Investor Farmer Runanga Chair From Pannell 2008 Forester Planner Rural Community

13. Knowledge and Tools

14. Planted Forests provide significant Ecosystem Services Summary Potential to provide much more Developing PES not easy People are involved! Success factors: Common goals, Forums, Knowledge and Tools, Govt support The ‘WIFM?’ Principle