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UAV-Deployed Floatable Sonde for Measuring Arctic Water Temperatures

This project involves a UAV-mounted floatable sonde designed to measure water temperatures at three depths below the ocean surface. By capturing precise temperature data, the sonde aids scientists in better understanding the impacts of sea ice melt in the Arctic region. Key functionalities include real-time GPS tracking, power-efficient PCB design, and robust communication protocols. Data is processed and transmitted for ongoing research, contributing valuable insights into climate change effects on polar ecosystems.

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UAV-Deployed Floatable Sonde for Measuring Arctic Water Temperatures

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  1. Team µBuoy Bruce Chen Spencer Krist Phong Nguyen Eric Stevens Louis Tuey

  2. Project Recap • Floatable Sonde, deployed via UAV • Measures water temperatures at 3 depths below ocean surface • Help scientists better understand arctic sea ice melt Eric Stevens

  3. Level 0 Functional Decomp. • Inputs • UAV Commands • Input (Temperature/ GPS) Data • Outputs • Packaged Temperature and Position Data UAV Commands 0.0 Data Out Micro Buoy Data In Block diagram O- Level 0 Block Diagram Eric Stevens

  4. PCB Electronics (µCU, RF, GPS, Memory, PWR, Thermistor Support) Level 1 Functional Decomp. • PCB Electronics • Inputs: UAV Handshaking Commands, Raw Temp Data • Outputs: Packaged Temp. and Location Data • Power Supply • Output: Regulated voltages to PCB board and Thermistors • Thermistor String • Inputs: Power for current supply, microcontroller request for data • Output: Raw temperature Data to ADC 1.0 UAV Commands Data Out GPS Data In Power Supply (Battery, 3.7V) Thermistor String Eric Stevens Block diagram 1- Level 1 Block Diagram

  5. Level 2 – Functional Decomposition Eric Stevens http://blog.timesunion.com/opinion/clean-up-space-with-tungsten-sandblaster/12060/broadcasting-satellite/

  6. Radio • EzRadioPRO • Si4430 ISM Transceiver • Frequency Range: 240-960 MHz • Output power range: +20 dBm • Data Rate: 256 kbps • Low battery detector • Temperature range: -40 to +85 ℃ • Sensitivity: -121 dBm Phong Nguyen http://www.silabs.com/pages/DownloadDoc.aspx?FILEURL=Support%20Documents/TechnicalDocs/Si4330.pdf&src=DocumentationWebPart

  7. Block Diagram Phong Nguyen

  8. Operating Modes Transmit w Transmit Idle Receive Phong Nguyen

  9. Communication protocols Phong Nguyen

  10. Microcontroller SI-1000 Bruce Chen

  11. Power Modes Bruce Chen

  12. Module: Start Turn on all the component Check if GPS and Radio are on Turn on Turn on GPS, Radio No Return Error Yes Enable all Interrupt: smaRTClock, Port Match Calibrate Timestamp Time Setup the SmarRTClock: Time Low Priority Setup the Port Match: P0 High Priority C=0; Sleep(GPS); Sleep(Radio); Sleep(MC); Bruce Chen

  13. Module: Start • Set up the Interrupt • Address 0xA8, 0xE6, 0xE7 • Priority -> 0xF6, 0xF7 • Sleep • Microcontroller 1 into Address,0xF6 bit 7 • GPS low into pin#4 • Radio “07h” into register 0h Bruce Chen

  14. SmarRTClock Handler --Low Priority • Measure temperature N times per hour • Get the position every hour • Store the data with Timestamps If an hour pass(C>60/N) Store the Temperature and timestamps C++; Sleep(MC) No Wake(MC) Yes Sleep(GPS) Wake(GPS) Store the Temperature and timestamps Calibrate MC the Time; C=0; Store GPS data and timestamps Wait(35) Bruce Chen

  15. Port Match Handler --High Priority • Send the signal to UAV with ID and position • Send the signal to UAV with the stored data Wake(MC) Wake(Radio) Send data base on command If(ID== Reuested_ ID) Command Decoding Sleep(Radio) Sleep(MC) Yes No Send ID and Location Sleep(GPS) Wake(GPS) Bruce Chen

  16. Thermistor Bridges -Design Criteria Temperature Range: -10°C25°C Accurate to at least 0.1°C Using 3.3V from a GPIO Pin Using a 10 KΩ resistor and a 10kΩ (@25°C) thermistor Murata PN: NCP18XV103J03RB Or Vishay PN: NTCLE100E3103JB0 Louis Tuey

  17. With given components ΔV = 1.142 Volts over temp range Temperature Resolution: For 10 Bit ADC For 12 Bit ADC Louis Tuey

  18. Power Budget • With the smallest mass possible, power the buoy for a period of greater than 2 weeks Louis Tuey

  19. DC Voltage Rails • Microcontroller RF module 3.3 Volts up to 100mA • GPS 2.7 and 3.3 volts up to 50 mA Louis Tuey

  20. Texas Inst: TPS62240 Regulator Louis Tuey

  21. GPS • Model: • Fastrax IT03-S • Primary Objective: • Provide time and position • Interface: • CMOS- 2 port UART interface • GPS Handler • Fix Times: • Cold Start: 35 seconds • Warm Start:34 s • Hot Start: 4 s http://www.fastraxgps.com/products/gpsmodules/03series/it03s%28eol%29/ Spencer Krist

  22. GPS Data Handling • Positioning Data • $GPGGA, 084053.39,6016.3052,N,02458.3735,E,0,00,0.0,46.6,M,,*5D • Type – global positioning system fix data • Time – 08 Hours, 40 minutes, 53 Seconds and 39 hundredths of a second • Latitude- 60 degrees and 16.3052 minutes North • Longitude- 24 degrees and 58.3735 minutes East • Fix Indicator – 0=Fix not valid, 1=Fix valid • Number of Satellites- 0 • Horizontal Dilution- 0.0 • Altitude- 46.6 meters • Time Data • Similar string to positioning string • Allows for update of GPS modules real time clock, functions in sleep mode Spencer Krist

  23. GPS Exchange • Microcontroller requests GPS position and time data hourly • GPS receives data from satellites • 35 s max fix time (TTFF) • Microcontroller receives data strings from GPS module • Microcontroller parses and saves time and position data • Data is logged in flash memory Spencer Krist

  24. Division of Labor: Revisited Spencer Krist

  25. Equipment-Major Components • Have: • SI 1000 development kits • Fastrax IT03-S • Batteries – Polymer Lithium Ion- 850 mAh • On Order: • Additional Fastrax IT03-S • Need: • PCB • Memory • SI 1000 (Actual Chips) Spencer Krist

  26. Source of Funding Blank Check Spencer Krist

  27. Budget: Revisited Spencer Krist

  28. Schedule Spencer Krist

  29. Milestone Goals • Milestone 1 • 2 Dev Boards communicating • Thermistor circuit taking temp data • Milestone 2 • Thermistor string feeding temperature data to microcontroller through ADC • Data storage in flash memory • GPS data Spencer Krist

  30. Expo Day Goals • Floating buoy in water tank • Dev Board connected to PC acting as UAV • Buoy responds to Dev Board commands with temperature and position data • Data displayed on PC monitor PC Spencer Krist

  31. Questions?

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