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Geographic Information Systems “GIS ”

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are vital tools that help visualize, analyze, and interpret spatial data. By integrating software, hardware, and personnel, GIS transforms raw location data into meaningful insights. This system links various data layers, from local to global scales, facilitating applications in emergency services, environmental monitoring, business logistics, and more. Understanding the principles of GIS not only enhances data presentation and decision-making but also illustrates the significance of geography in our everyday lives.

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Geographic Information Systems “GIS ”

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Geographic Information Systems “GIS” “Geography Matters”

  2. Think about “Geography” • What is Geography The 3 “W’s” of Geography • What is where • Why is it there • Why do I care

  3. Data - Data - DataWe all ‘got data’ • Location Data – How Many – What Kind – Where • Scale of Data– Local to Global • Data Presentation – Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or Maps Exploring data using GIS turns data into information into knowledge

  4. Geographic Information SystemsA Definition of GIS • GIS is a System ofcomputer software, hardware and data, and personnel to help manipulate, analyze and present information that is tied to a spatial location – • spatial location– usually a geographic location • information– visualization of analysis of data • system–linking software, hardware, data • personnel–a thinking explorer who is key to the power of GIS

  5. What is Not GIS? • GPS–Global Positioning System • Astatic map–paper or digital • Maps are often a “product” of a GIS • A way to visualize the analysis • Asoftwarepackage

  6. Spatial Data • Estimates are that 80% of all data has a spatial component • Data from most sciences can be analyzed “spatially”

  7. What is GIS ? • A method tovisualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data • “Smart Maps”linking a database to the map

  8. Database“Not Easy to Interpret”

  9. Visualization “Worth a Thousand Words”

  10. Two Ways to Input and Visualize DataThe World in GIS • Raster–Grid • “pixels” • a location and value • Satellite images and aerial photos are already in this format • Vector–Linear • Points, lines & polygons • “Features” (house, lake, etc.) • Attributes • size, type, length, etc. Real world

  11. Combining Data From Many Sources

  12. Data For GIS Applications • Digitized and Scanned Maps • purchased, donated, free (Internet) • created by user • Data Bases– Tables of data • GPS– Global Positioning System • accurate locations • Field Sampling of Attributes • Remote Sensing & Aerial Photography

  13. Five Data Layers “Alike” Features Rivers Capitals Roads States Lakes

  14. Turning Data Into Information “Spatial Analysis”– not just a map

  15. Asking A Question – Interaction

  16. Maps and Database are “Interactive”

  17. Multiple Databases can be Linked and Related

  18. Some Ways GIS is Used • Emergency Services– Fire & Police • Environmental–Monitoring & Modeling • Business– Site Location, Delivery Systems • Industry– Transportation, Communication, Mining, Pipelines, Healthcare • Government– Local, State, Federal, Military • Education– Research, Teaching Tool, Administration Wherever Spatial Data Analysis is Needed

  19. Network Solutions

  20. Ecosystem Management

  21. 3D Mine with Well Data

  22. Environmental MonitoringToxic Plume

  23. Combining Various Display Methods

  24. Oil Spill and Contamination

  25. Site Location and Client Distance

  26. Modeling of Future Trends

  27. Clusters and Comparison of Data

  28. Loma Linda Hospital Facilities

  29. GIS on the Internet • Olympics —http://citymap.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/ • National Geographic Map Machine —http://www.nationalgeographic.com/maps.index.html • Find a Home — http://www.realtor.com • ATM Locator — http://www.visa.com • Store Locator — http://www.godiva.com • GIS Info — http://www.gis.com

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