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The Department of Defense ( DoD ) & the National Command Authority

Learn about the Department of Defense (DoD) and the National Command Authority (Chain of Command) in the United States. Understand the roles and responsibilities of the President, Secretary of Defense, combatant commanders, and military service chiefs.

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The Department of Defense ( DoD ) & the National Command Authority

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  1. The Department of Defense (DoD) & the National Command Authority

  2. National Command Authority (Chain of Command) • The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. military iaw the U.S. Constitution. • The current command structure of the Department of Defense is defined by the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 , signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on 1 October 1986. • The Act reworked the command structure of the United States military, introducing the most sweeping changes to the Department since it was established in the National Security Act of 1947.

  3. National Command Authority (continued) • Under the act, the chain of command runs from the President of the United States, through the Secretary of Defense, to the combatant commanders (COCOM) who command all military forces within their area of responsibility. UNITS: Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, & Coast Guard

  4. National Command Authority (continued) • The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) & the military serviceChiefs of Staff (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines) are responsible for readiness of the U.S. military and serve as the President's military advisers, but are NOT in the chain of command. The CJCS is by law the highest ranking military officer in the United States. • Each military service is responsible for organizing, training & equipping military units for the commanders of the various Unified Combatant Commands (combatant commanders; COCOM).

  5. National Command Authority (Chain of Command)

  6. National Security Council (Presidents Advisors) • The National Security Councilwas created in 1947 by the National Security Act. • The White House National Security Council (NSC) is the principal forum used by the President for considering national security & foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors & Cabinet officials and is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States. • Since its inception under Harry S. Truman, the function of the Council has been to advise and assist the president on national securityand foreign policies. • The Council also serves as the president's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. • The U.S. Council has counterparts in the national security councils of many other nations.

  7. National Security Council (Presidents Advisors)

  8. National Command Authority (Chain of Command)

  9. Run by “Civilians” with some military

  10. Secretary of Defense The Secretary of Defense by statute also exercises authority, direction & control over the three (3) Service Secretaries (civilian) of the Military Departments Patrick ShanahanNEW: Effective 3 Jan 2019 The HonorableMark T. Espersince: November 20, 2017 Richard Spencersince: August 3, 2017 Heather Wilsonsince: May 16, 2017

  11. National Command Authority (Chain of Command)

  12. Military Service Chiefs (of Staff) GEN Mark A. Milley Gen David L. GoldfeinADM John M. Richardson Gen Robert B. Neller

  13. National Command Authority (Chain of Command)

  14. Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) * The Military Service Chiefs (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines) report to the Service Secretaries, NOT the CJCS! NEW “J” Staff

  15. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) General Paul J. Selva (USAF)since: July 31, 2015 Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Joseph Dunford (USMC) Since: September 25, 2015 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

  16. Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) ADM Zukunft ADM Richardson GEN MilleyGEN Dunford Gen Neller Gen GoldfeinGen Lengyel USCGUSNUSACJCS USMC USAF CNGB Seated from left to right: Admiral Paul F. Zukunft (Commandant of the Coast Guard), Admiral John M. Richardson (Chief of Naval Operations), General Mark A. Milley (Chief of Staff of the Army), General Joeseph F. Dunford, Jr. (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff), General Robert B. Neller (Commandant of the Marine Corps), General David L. Goldfein (Chief of Staff of the Air Force), and General Joseph L. Lengyel (Chief of the National Guard Bureau).

  17. Chief, National Guard Bureau (NGB) - JCS Gen. Joseph L. Lengel (ANG) Beginning in January 2012, the top National Guard Officer (Chief, National Guard Bureau) became a new member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This was created by a provision in the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act, (NDAA) signed into law Dec. 31 by President Obama, which added the National Guard leader to the nation’s highest military advisory group. The first Chief of NGB to serve as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was Air Force General Craig McKinley. The addition of the top Guard officer to the Joint Chiefs of Staff has been hailed by Guard historians as the “most significant development” since the Militia Act of 1903 codified the modern day dual-status structure of the Guard, according to a statement from the Guard Bureau.

  18. Chief, NGB – JCS Debate During the hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee, the current 4-star generals making up the Joint Chiefs of Staff (x6) voiced opposition to the proposal, saying it would create needless confusion and reduce their authority. “There is no compelling military need for this change,” Army GEN Martin Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs, said at the time. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta also opposed the measure, telling reporters in October that membership on the Joint Chiefs should “be reserved for those who have direct command and direct budgets that deal with the military.” Traditionally, the Guard chief attended Joint Chiefs of Staff meetings but was not a voting member. However, “voting” is not a central role for the Joint Chiefs, which typically seeks to reach consensus and make unanimous recommendations. NOTE: NGB is ONLY Army & Air Force National Guard.

  19. National Command Authority (Chain of Command) COMBAT

  20. “JOINT” Unified Combatant Commands GEN Joseph Votel, USA GEN Terrence J. O'Shaughnessy, USAF GEN Curtis Scaparrotti, USA ADM Phillip Davidson, USN ADM Craig Faller, USN GEN Thomas Waldhauser, USMC • A Unified Combatant Command (UCC) is a US joint military command that is composed of forces from 2 or more services and has a broad and continuing mission. • These commands are established to provide effective command and control of U.S. military forces, regardless of branch of service, in peace and war.

  21. US CENTCOM Area of Operations (AOR)

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