01 / 75路由及群播協定與演算法 Routing and Multicast Protocol and Algorithm
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路由及群播協定與演算法 Routing and Multicast Protocol and Algorithm
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Each subnetwork consists of a designated router (DR), which is responsible for sending IGMP host membership queries and listens to the IGMP host membership reports.
PIM-SM Receiver R1 Source Register RP A B C D Source begins sending A encapsulates data in register messang and unicasts it to the RP. R1 begins receiving data
PIM-SM Receiver R1 Source Register Stop RP A B Join C D RP sends joins toward the source when it starts receiving data on the source tree, a register stop is sent to A.
PIM-SM Receiver R1 Source RP A B Join C Join D Receiver R2 joins group D sends join towards RP C sends join towards RP R2 receives data on RP tree Receiver R2
PIM-SM Receiver R1 Source RP A B C (S,G)RP prune D (S,G) Join D sends (S,G) join towards source A begins forwarding. SPT tree exists D sends (S,G) RP Bit prune towards RP Receiver R2
PIM-SM Receiver R1 Source RP A B C D R2 is receiving data on source tree, R1 is receiving data on shared (RP) tree Receiver R2
PIM-SM Source RP A B C D R1 sends IGMP leave RP stops forwarding on R1 LAN RP sends (S,G) prune towards source Receiver R2
Introduction • Wireless Network Categories • Introduce the issues involved in providing multicast in a mobile environment • Discuss details of proposed multicast routing protocols
Wireless Network Categories • Infrastructure Wireless: base station network is connected to the wired Internet. • Ad hoc Wireless: wireless nodes communicate directly with one another.
Wireless LANs (b)Ad hoc Wireless (a)Infrastructure Wireless
Issues In Mobile Environments • Multicast Forwarding Algorithm • A source-based protocol like DVMRP ,DVMRP forwards multicast packets only if it receives them on the correct interface • when mobile host (MH) moves to a new domain , its interface to the multicast router changes , resulting in the packets being dropped
Issues In Mobile Environments • Dense or Sparse Model Protocol • The dense mode protocols are useful if there are a lot of users and bandwidth availabilitiy is not a problem, whereas sparse mode protocols are meant for widely distributed users with limited bandwidth.
Issues In Mobile Environments • Qos Provisioning • Quality of service (QoS)-based wireless multicasting is an open issue • In this section we first describe Mobile-IP based multicasting protocols
Proposals for Multicast over MIP • Remote Subscription • It is the simplest way of providing multicast through Mobile IP. • In remote subscription an MH re-subscribe to the multicast group each time it moves to a new foreign network.
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