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Gender Statistics: What is all about?

Gender Statistics: What is all about?. Angela Me UNECE Statistics Division. Gender/Sex. Gender refers to socially constructed differences between sexes and to the social relationship between women and men Sex: biological differences between women and men. Gender/Sex.

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Gender Statistics: What is all about?

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  1. Gender Statistics: What is all about? Angela Me UNECE Statistics Division

  2. Gender/Sex Gender refers to socially constructed differences between sexes and to the social relationship between women and men Sex: biological differences between women and men UNECE Statistical Division

  3. Gender/Sex Gender: differences may be changed Sex: differences are fixed and unchangeable UNECE Statistical Division

  4. What is Gender Statistics Gender statistics are statistics that adequately reflect the situation of women and men in all policy areas - they allow for a systematic study of gender differentials and gender issues. UNECE Statistical Division

  5. What gender statistics is NOT Women statistics Not exclusively for women advocacy An issue only for women’s organizations UNECE Statistical Division

  6. Why do we need Gender statistics? UNECE Statistical Division

  7. What is gender statistics? Gender statistics • relates to all statistical fields where individuals are observed • statistics by sex + statistics reflecting gender issues UNECE Statistical Division

  8. What is gender statistics? From Gender-Blind Statistics to Gender-sensitive • Sex as a variable in the presentation of the data • Sex as a variable in the collection of the data • The production of gender-sensitive data UNECE Statistical Division

  9. What is gender statistics? From Gender-Blind Statistics to Gender-sensitive • Example: Census Tables – sex-to-be-included • Example: business register questionnaire: to include sex • To improve the data collection • Expand existing data collection (Labour Force Surveys) • Initiate new data collection (Time-use, Violence against women) UNECE Statistical Division

  10. What is Gender Statistics? Production and dissemination of statistics Quality of data Relevance for gender analysis Use of the data UNECE Statistical Division

  11. What is gender statistics? Not ONLY the statistics reflecting gender issues should be sex-disaggregated UNECE Statistical Division

  12. What is gender statistics? Statistics on women and men on ALL spheres of society Statistics by sex + statistics reflecting gender issues UNECE Statistical Division

  13. Implications GS relates to all statistical fields where individuals are observed Mainstreaming into national statistical systems UNECE Statistical Division

  14. What does mainstreaming mean? Sex-disaggregated data (production, methods and dissemination) in all areas: • Business statistics? • Agriculture statistics? • Transport statistics? • ICT statistics? UNECE Statistical Division

  15. Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point (GSFP) To work in all fields of statistics (and not only social and demographic) to include sex in the production and dissemination of statistics UNECE Statistical Division

  16. Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point (GSFP) To consider the impact on women and men in every step of statistical production Concepts and methods used in data collection need to be adequately formulated to ensure that they reflect existing gender concerns and differentials UNECE Statistical Division

  17. Yes No No answer 0 Poverty 3 4 4 3 Migration 4 0 1 Informal Sector 3 3 Time Use 2 5 0 Violence 4 3 0 Trafficking 0 5 2 Production of sex-disaggregated data ECE/UNDP Assessment 2003 UNECE Statistical Division

  18. Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point (GSFP) Resistance “Business statistics does not relate to gender” “We do not want to overburden the respondents” UNECE Statistical Division

  19. Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point (GSFP) Key Message to gender-blind statisticians: Relevance Need help from the “Users” UNECE Statistical Division

  20. Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point (GSFP) How to operate? • GSFP placed in the office of the chief statistician or in other cross-cutting departments • Gender sensitization in national statistical offices UNECE Statistical Division

  21. Message 2 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point (GSFP) All statistics should be analyzed and presented with sex as primary and overall classification (Internet, Yearbooks, specialized publications) Involvement in the entire dissemination process not only in publications on women and men UNECE Statistical Division

  22. Dissemination of sex-disaggregated data ECE/UNDP Assessment 2003 UNECE Statistical Division

  23. Message 2 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point (GSFP) Resistance “There is no space” “There are no differences between women and men and therefore there is no need to disaggregate the data by sex” UNECE Statistical Division

  24. Message 1 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point (GSFP) Key Message to gender-blind statisticians: Relevance Need help from the “Users” UNECE Statistical Division

  25. Message 2 for the Gender Statistics Focal Point (GSFP) How to operate? • GSFP placed in the office of the chief statistician or in other cross-cutting departments • Gender sensitization in national statistical offices UNECE Statistical Division

  26. Location and Seniority of GSFPECE/UNDP Assessment 2003 UNECE Statistical Division

  27. GSFP Interacting with other Departments ECE/UNDP Assessment 2003 UNECE Statistical Division

  28. National Statistical Office UNECE Statistical Division

  29. National Statistical Office UNECE Statistical Division

  30. Message 1 for Users Sex-disaggregated data provide an unbiased basis for policy needs The improvement of gender statistics involves all the statistical system Stimulate the production of GS Provision for sex-disaggregated data in Gender Equality Laws UNECE Statistical Division

  31. Legal Framework for GSECE/UNDP Assessment 2003 UNECE Statistical Division

  32. GS: More than sex-disaggregated data GS: Production of statistics that adequately reflect gender issues considering the different socio-economic reality women and men face in society An issue not only for statisticians UNECE Statistical Division

  33. Message 2 for Users Need to work with statisticians to identify the areas where the social and economic reality of women and men are different and need to be addressed UNECE Statistical Division

  34. UNECE Statistical Division

  35. Analysis What are the relevant indicators to measure gender equality for policy making? 1. Indicators of process toward gender equality ex.: number of courses and seminars 2. Indicators to measure gender equality equal opportunities equal outcomes UNECE Statistical Division

  36. Indicators for gender equality What is gender equality? Equality of opportunities or equality of outcomes? Equal opportunities = Equal rights Equal outcomes = everyone achieves the same outcomes UNECE Statistical Division

  37. What is gender equality? Example: Participation in employment Opportunities: Equal level of education Outcome: Equal participation in employment Different implications for policy making Outcome intervention: Positive Actions quotas, programmes targeted only to women UNECE Statistical Division

  38. Indicators for gender equality To measure equality we need both indicators of opportunities and indicators of outcomes UNECE Statistical Division

  39. Indicators for gender equality BUT It is easier to measure outcomes ex. Gender pay gap Often indicators simply measure a different reality for women and men. This reality needs to be further analyzed to highlight when these differences are due to unequal opportunities (or unequal rights) and NOT to different choices UNECE Statistical Division

  40. Indicators for gender equality Focus not only on desired outcome but outcomes in relation to their inputs Linking inputs and outputs UNECE Statistical Division

  41. Indicators for gender equality Examples • Pay gap by educational level/hours worked/occupation • Activity rate by family composition • Hours worked by family composition • Activity rate by educational level/field of study UNECE Statistical Division

  42. Indicators for gender equality Key in Measuring Equal Opportunities Gender roles, norms and attitudes: societal forces that create and maintain gender inequality Challenge for national statistical systems UNECE Statistical Division

  43. Cycle of Production and Use UNECE Statistical Division

  44. Why to use gender indicators • To understand the conditions in society for women and men • To understand what affects gender equality • To provide quantifiable information and advocate for gender equality • To better focus policies to have an impact on equality between women and men • To monitor policies and their impact on the situation of women and men UNECE Statistical Division

  45. Why to use gender indicators • To increase evidence-based policy making and evaluation • To perform Gender Impact Assessments (Ireland) • Current position of women and men • What factors affect women and men differently? • How these factors can be changed? UNECE Statistical Division

  46. What is needed to use gender indicators for policy making Gender analysis to understand • What affects outputs: what factors affect women and men differently? • The actual trend of the outputs • How much the gender dimension matters • Where in the countries are the women and men most affected UNECE Statistical Division

  47. Gender gap by educational level Source: ECE Gender Data base, latest year available UNECE Statistical Division

  48. Use of gender statistics for policy Use of gender statistics/indicators is easier at local level UNECE Statistical Division

  49. Use of gender statistics for monitoring Benchmarking To establish a criterion or a standard against which an object is set and progress is measured Goals and Targets UNECE Statistical Division

  50. Use of gender statistics for monitoring Goals and Targets Define what is gender equality and where priorities are Define the regular collection of output indicators UNECE Statistical Division

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