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Ancient Egyptians

Ancient Egyptians. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the cultural achievements of the Ancient Egyptians. Environment. Nile River flows north longest in world flooding provides silt predictable farming wheat barley irrigation travel & trade. Environment. Nile River

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Ancient Egyptians

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  1. Ancient Egyptians OBJECTIVE: Analyze the cultural achievements of the Ancient Egyptians.

  2. Environment • Nile River • flows north • longest in world • flooding provides silt • predictable • farming • wheat • barley • irrigation • travel & trade

  3. Environment • Nile River • worshipped by Egyptians as god who gave them life • East – land of living • sunrise • cities, temples • West – land of dead • sunset • tombs

  4. Environment • Deserts • lack of rain • Arabian • east of Nile • Libyan • west of Nile • both are part of Sahara • Villages & cities built along Nile River • first farming villages about 5000 BCE

  5. Quick Write • What are some geographical similarities between Egypt and Mesopotamia?

  6. Pschent Egypt Unites • Menes (Narmer) • King who united Upper & Lower Egypt into one kingdom • Double crown around 3000 BCE • Capital at Memphis Deshret of Lower Egypt Hedjet of Upper Egypt

  7. Ptolemy VI

  8. Pharaohs: God Kings • Theocracy • government in which rule is based on religious authority • Pharaohs • fully responsible for kingdom • religion • military • run government • promote justice & truth • believed to make sun rise

  9. Pharaohs: God Kings • Ka • eternal life force of king • continued after death • needs & pleasures must continue to be met

  10. Pharaohs: God Kings • Pyramids • final resting place • represent economic strength, technology & leadership of Egyptian civilization

  11. Religion • Polytheistic • more than 2000 gods & goddesses • believed in afterlife • Anubis • weighed each dead person’s heart • all classes prepared for burials • upper classes had great tombs • filled with clothes, gems, tools, art

  12. Ancient EgyptiansPart II OBJECTIVE: Analyze the cultural achievements of the Ancient Egyptians.

  13. Pyramids • built by peasants • Giza • completed about 2556 BCE

  14. Pyramid of Khufu • an almost perfect square (deviation .05%) • Orientation is exactly North, South, East, West • 2,300,000 blocks, almost 500 ft high • 20 years to build • Average block weighs 2.5 tons • Some weigh 9 tons!

  15. Social Classes • king, queen, family • wealthy landowners, gov’t officials, priests, army commanders • artisans & merchants • peasant farmers & laborers • largest • slaves from war

  16. Writing • Hieroglyphics • “sacred carving” • started with pictures • grew to resemble an alphabet • first on stone & clay • later papyrus

  17. Writing • The Rosetta Stone • discovered by Napoleon’s troops • 1799

  18. Calendar • Features: • 365 days • 12 months • 30 days each • 5 holidays • tracked: • flooding • planting • harvesting

  19. Artwork

  20. Art

  21. History • Old Kingdom • 2660-2160 BCE • ends with decline of pharaohs influence • civil wars

  22. History • Middle Kingdom • 2060-1750 BCE • strong pharaohs • restored order • improved irrigation, trade, transportation with canal from Nile to Red Sea • Hyksos invade • from Palestine • rule from 1630-1523 BCE

  23. History • New Kingdom • 1550-1070 BCE • Ahmose I expelled the invading Hyksos and reunited Egypt • Known as the Empire period

  24. History • New Kingdom • Militaristic & imperialistic nature • incorporated chariot, bronze, horses • development of a professional army • became a slave based economy fueled by war and expansion

  25. History • Ramses II • 1279-1213 BCE • greatest New Kingdom ruler • military leader of Egypt • expanded into southern Turkey • built many monuments to himself • last gasp of Egyptian power

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