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Overview of Southern and New England Colonies: Settlement, Economy, and Key Figures

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the Southern and New England colonies, detailing the motivations for English colonization in America, the challenges faced by early settlers in Jamestown, and the significance of the House of Burgesses and the arrival of slaves in Virginia. It explores the founding of the Maryland colony for Catholics, the role of Quakers in Pennsylvania, and the impact of Puritan beliefs on governance. Furthermore, it contrasts the agricultural economies of the Southern colonies with the trade-based economy of the New England colonies, highlighting major events and key historical figures.

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Overview of Southern and New England Colonies: Settlement, Economy, and Key Figures

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Presentation Transcript

  1. SILENTLY… • Copy this week’s assignments in your agenda • Get out 1 sheet of paper for notes

  2. The Southern Colonies

  3. Why does England want colonies in America? • What do you think they hope to gain? • 1st colony: Virginia

  4. Jamestown? • 1st permanent English settlement (1607) • Established by 105 men & boys sent by the London Company (joint-stock company)

  5. Problems facing Jamestown? • No survival skills (farming, carpentry) • Disease-carrying mosquitoes • Conflicts with Natives • Hunger • 2/3 of original colonists died by 1st winter

  6. John Smith • Takes over Jamestown in 1608 • Forces people to work harder • Makes peace with Powhatan tribe • Success is short-lived….

  7. Tobacco • Saves Jamestown • Major cash crop • New blend developed by John Rolfe-married Pocahontas

  8. Importance of 1619 • First slaves arrive in VA • House of Burgesses • Elected assembly • First republican gov’t in colonies

  9. Economy? • Depends on AGRICULTURE • Tobacco, rice, indigo are grown on plantations leads to reliance on Slave Labor

  10. Bacon’s Rebellion • Small farmers (led by Nathanial Bacon) opposed to taxes and policies towards NA want to take Indian’s land • Controlled and burned Jamestown but rebellion ended after Bacon died

  11. Guided Reading Questions Sec. 1 & 3 Southern and Middle Colonies

  12. 1. List the remaining southern colonies. • Maryland • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia

  13. 2. Why did Cecilius Calvert establish the colony of Maryland? • As a safe-haven for English Catholics

  14. 3. Why was the Religious Toleration Act of 1649 important? • 1st law in support of religious freedom in the colonies

  15. 4. Who were the Lord Proprietors of the Carolina Colony? • 8 of King Charles II supporters • Became known as the Lords Proprietors

  16. 5. Why did the Carolina colony split into North and South Carolina? • Settlements were far apart, making it hard to govern • Conflicts with Natives and Pirates

  17. 6. Why did James Oglethorpe found Georgia? • Place for debtors to get fresh start • Goal: small farms, slavery illegal

  18. 7. List the Middle Colonies (4 ) • New York • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware

  19. 8. How do New York and New Jersey become English colonies? • The English took it from the Dutch DUKE OF YORK

  20. 9. Who are Quakers? • Religious group • Supported nonviolence and equality of men & women

  21. 10. How did William Penn’s beliefs influence the government in Pennsylvania? • He had limited power • Elected assembly • Religious freedom to all Christians

  22. 11. How was the economy of the Middle Colonies similar to that of the Southern colonies? How was it different? • Both relied on farming • South—cash crops on plantations • Middle—staple crops like wheat & oats on farms • Did not use as many slaves as the South but more than the New England colonies

  23. 12. How were indentured servants different from slaves? • They were eventually given their freedom after a certain number of years. • Slaves are slaves for life.

  24. The New England Colonies Sec. 2

  25. New England Colonies • Massachusetts • Connecticut • Rhode Island • New Hampshire

  26. Puritans & Pilgrims • Puritans—want to change Anglican Church (Church of England) • Pilgrims—want to SEPARATE (and form new) from the Anglican Church

  27. Pilgrims on the Move • Pilgrims move to Holland and then… • Sail to America on the Mayflower in 1620 • Land on Cape Cod & form Plymouth colony

  28. Mayflower Compact • 41 male passengers sign • Agree to make laws for general good

  29. Pilgrims & Native Americans? • Friendly with Wampanoag tribe • Squanto teaches them to farm • 1st Thanksgiving

  30. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Founded by Puritans under John Winthrop • Goal: Create ideal Christian community • Includes Plymouth colony

  31. Role of Religion? • Closely linked to gov’t • Religious leaders had LOTS of power • Only male church members were allowed to vote • Very INTOLERANT of differences! • Led to new colonies

  32. Connecticut—founded by Thomas Hooker • Rhode Island— founded by Roger Williams • Anne Hutchison—critic of Puritan leaders • Salem Witch Trials

  33. Economy? • NO staple crops because of harsh climate and poor soil • Economy based on TRADE • FISHING and SHIPBUILDING were leading industries • They also had lots of skilled craftsmen such as blacksmiths, weavers, and printing press workers

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