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Drawing Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams

Drawing Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams. Presented by James Yeary. P&ID. Piping is process and utility plumbing, connections and ductwork; depicts all flow paths Instrumentation is control elements, transmitters and more; depicts all functionality

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Drawing Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams

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  1. Drawing Piping andInstrumentationDiagrams Presented by James Yeary

  2. P&ID • Piping is process and utility plumbing, connections and ductwork; depicts all flow paths • Instrumentation is control elements, transmitters and more; depicts all functionality • Diagram because it is not to scale or intended to be a mechanical drawing

  3. Piping Geometry • Inner diameter or nominal size • Schedule (wall thickness) • Basic design criteria • Phase • Flow rate @ Pressure • Temperature • Example: 2” Schedule 80

  4. Piping Material • Common ASTM/ANSI standards • Basic design criteria • Pressure • Chemical resistance • Environment, corrosion • Surface roughness • Examples: Seamless 316L SS, 304 SS, Carbon Steel, Galvanized, PVC, Silicone Flex Tube, HDPE, Glass Lined Steel, Clean Copper

  5. Piping Connections • Flange, screwed, tri-clamp, weld • Examples: • ASME/ANSI B16.5 150# F.F. flange • 1/2” NPT • 2” ASME BPE, Tri-Clover • Butt weld

  6. Flanged Picture from Autodesk P&ID

  7. Welded Picture from Autodesk P&ID

  8. Service • Describes intended process fluid • Utility supply or return • Examples: • Acid • Feed or product transfer • Dry process air • Process wastes • Clean-In-Place (CIP) Supply • Steam condensate

  9. Piping Extras • Slope requirement • Insulation for protection, heat, chilled

  10. Line Specs • Plant-wide typical piping specifications • Uniquely identify each line or service • Fictional Examples: • 2-160-SST4-BPE-CIPS-XXX-PP • 4-80-BGS-BW-PW-XXX • 1/2-FLEX-FEED-XXX • 2-80-CC-NPT-HWFI-XXX-HC

  11. Instrumentation • Measurement or Control • Input or Output • Analog or Discrete • ANSI/ISA S5.1 standard symbols and tag nomenclature

  12. Input or Output? • Control system’s perspective of the process and operators • Inputs bring measurements or status • Outputs can manipulate the process • Examples: • Thermometer = input • Magnetic stir bar speed = output

  13. Analog or Discrete? • Analog values vary along a scale • Discrete values are on or off • Thermostat example: • Temperature sensor = analog input • Toggle switch = discrete input • Fan speed = analog output • Gas valve = discrete output

  14. Common Instruments • Valves • Motors • Elements and transmitters • Heat exchangers

  15. Types of Valves • Diaphragm • Butterfly • Ball and V-Ball • Globe, Gate, Plug, Needle • Check • Safety and Relief • Regulator • Solenoid

  16. Types of Valves Pictures from Fisher Valve

  17. Specialty Valves • Manifolds • Block and bleed • 3-way, 4-way

  18. Valve Actuation • Hand wheel • Instrument air pressure • Analog throttling • Electro-pneumatic positioner • Discrete open or closed • Electro-pneumatic solenoid pilot valve • Electrical motor actuators

  19. Pilot Solenoid Valves Picture from Festo Picture from eBay of SMC Manifold

  20. Valve Positioner Pictures from Fisher Valve

  21. Valve Fail Position • Fail Closed valve • Instrument air actuates open • Springs force closed • Fail Open valve • Springs force open • Instrument air actuates closed

  22. Valve Feedback • Limit switches • Absolute registers • Depicted as sharing common housing with valve

  23. Motors • Positive displacement pump • Diaphragm • Gear • Peristaltic pump • Centrifugal pump • Agitator

  24. Rate of Rotation • Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) can control RPM of an AC motor • Voltage can control RPM of a DC motor • Tachometer is used to provide feedback RPM

  25. Motor Extras • Vibration sensors can be used to detect cavitation or other conditions • Current sensing relays can be used to confirm a motor is running • Hand-Off-Auto (HOA) switch is typically for pumps • Emergency stop switch typically interlocks motors

  26. Elements, Transmitters, and Switches • Elements sense process conditions • Transmitters convert element’s response into signal for control system • Switches are discrete transmitters, flip at preset point(s) on scale

  27. Flow • Differential producers: pitot, orifice, Venturi • Inertial: Coriolis • Positive displacement: rotary, bellows • Velocity: magnetic, vortex, turbine, ultrasonic

  28. Level • Capacitance, conductivity, resistance • Radar, optical, laser • Differential pressure, bubbler • Vibration, ultrasonic • Strapping table accounts for vessel geometry

  29. Pressure • Gage • Differential • Absolute • Switches • Diaphragm connection

  30. Temperature • RTD • Thermocouple

  31. Weight • Load Cells • Flush with floor plates

  32. Analyzers • Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) • Dissolved oxygen (DO) • Turbidity/Optical density • Viscosity • Conductivity • Offline sampling to GC, MS and more

  33. Hand Switches • Provide nearby operator quick overriding pump contol • Acknowledge and reset alarm push buttons • Emergency stop mushroom push button

  34. E-Stop • Typically cuts off instrument air supply, stroked valves return to fail state • Stops and interlocks all moving parts

  35. Interlock Conditions • Hard-wired Interlocks • DCS or PLC Software Interlocks • Use notes to detail cause and effect

  36. Autodesk P&ID http://students.autodesk.com/

  37. Questions?

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