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“ G3-PLC Powerline Communication Standard for Today’s Smart Grid”

October, 2012 Jean Vigneron General Secretary of G3-PLC Alliance Jean.vigneron@g3-plc.com Kaveh Razazian Senior Scientist - Maxim Integrated kaveh.razazian@maximintegrated.com. “ G3-PLC Powerline Communication Standard for Today’s Smart Grid” . Choosing a Technology Platform for the Future.

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“ G3-PLC Powerline Communication Standard for Today’s Smart Grid”

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  1. October, 2012Jean VigneronGeneral Secretary of G3-PLC Alliance Jean.vigneron@g3-plc.comKaveh RazazianSenior Scientist - Maxim Integrated kaveh.razazian@maximintegrated.com “ G3-PLC Powerline Communication Standard for Today’s Smart Grid”

  2. Choosing a Technology Platform for the Future “The biggest challenge facing implementers is how to meet both current and future smart grid requirements, while ensuring interoperability and open-endedness among grid elements” When evaluating communications platforms, it is important to look for a solution that: • Provides cost-effective system architecture - Plug-and-Play • Provides real-time communications – Robust, long range, two-way link • Includes security mechanisms - to protect grid assets and theft • Standards based - to ensure interoperability and open-endedness • Scalable and field upgradable • Strong industry support

  3. PLC Evolution • 1950’s – 10Hz one way communication used managing town lighting • 1970’s - X10 low speed (20 bits/s), one way communication for simple control of devices and appliances • 1980s - INSTEON using X10 and RF to address inherent limitations of X10 to penetrate a wider network • 1990’s - FSK PLC technology became popular providing low data rate (2.4kbps), two way communication for command and control applications • 2000’s – Broadband above 2MHz, PLC communication (OFDM) for multimedia consumer applications • 2010’s - G3-PLC low frequency below 500KHz PLC (OFDM) delivering highly reliable, high speed, secure, two way communication designed specifically for the Smart Grid

  4. Preamble Impulsive Noise Severe Channel Condition Figure 1 Figure 2 Noise power distribution between 10kHz to130kHz is 20-30 dB stronger than signals above 200kHz In noisy AC line, there is harmonic noise, impulsive noise, and frequency selective attenuation. Therefore signal amplitude variation is large as shown in Figures 1 & 2 Maxim Confidential

  5. G3-PLC Defined by Utilities, Developed for Utilities • In association with: ERDF (Electricité Réseau Distribution France) • 100% subsidiary of EDF (Electricité dé France) • 35M customers • 1,284,000km of electricity power lines • Smart grid deployment plan: 2012 • Technology developer: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. • Over 25 years in business; 12 years in OFDM PLC • Main objective: Communication technology offering a balance of robustness, quality of service, high data rate and cost • Deliverable: A complete OFDM PLC specification, including PHY, MAC, adaptation layer, and meter profile • PHY/MAC specification completed: 2009

  6. Robustness MV / MV, MV / LV & LV / LV High data rate IPv6 compliant Secure Smart Grid and additional services Low density areas High density areas G3-PLC - A Global Solution Open specification

  7. Government Regulations for PLC • FCC section 15 defined 10-490kHz frequency band for PLC in North America and Canada • ARIB defined 10-450kHz frequency band for PLC in Asia and Japan • Cenelec EN50065-1 defined a range of low frequency bands for PLC in Europe • A-band (3-95 kHz), Frequencies in this band shall only be used for applications for monitoring or controlling the low-voltage ,distribution network, including energy usage of connected equipment and premises • B-band (95-125 kHz), can be used by all applications • C-band(125-140 kHz), for home networking systems • D-band (140-148.5 kHz), specified for alarm-and security-systems

  8. G3-PLCSmart Grid Solution Summary Physical Layer Support of internationally accepted bands from 10kHz - 490kHz (FCC, CENELEC, ARIB) Multi-layer error encoding/decoding Viterbi, Convolution, Reed Solomon and CRC16 8psk,QPSK, BPSK, Robo, Messaging Mode Adaptive Tone mapping, notching and modulation Application Layer Compliant ANSI C12.19/C12.22, IEC 62056-61/62 (DLMS/COSEM)or other standards used world wide Transport and Network Layer IPv6 enables potential services: SNMP, TFPT, etc Adaptation layer 6LowPan associates the MAC Layer 802.15.4 to IPV6: Compression of IP header, fragmentation, routing, authentication. MAC layer Plug and play network management to choose “Best Path” (Full Mesh Support) Time domain and collision management MAC Layer IEEE 802.15.4-2006 CSMA/ARQ Complete PLC modem for the Smart Grid (from the PHY to the Application layer) Application Layer

  9. Benefits of OFDMHigher Data rates at Lower SNR 10dB performance improvement vs. single-carrier PLC • Higher reliability • Wider coverage • Longer distances FSK provides only 2Kbps @ 10^-4 BER at 12dB* (From STM Datasheet) OFDM provides 32Kbps @ 10^-4 BER, and at only 3dB* (G3-Lite - MAX2990 w/DBPSK) Figure 2 Figure 1 * 12dB SNR means signal is ~4 times stronger than noise * 3dB SNR means signal is ~1.5 times stronger than noise

  10. G3-PLC Data Rates and BER plots

  11. Channel Characteristics: Bad Condition Received Signal + Noise in Good channel RMS= 0.071 V 0.4 0.3 Preamble 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Attenuation= 20 dB (Signal reduced ~10 Times) SIR = -6 dB (interference stronger 2 times than Signal ) Maxim Confidential

  12. S-FSK vs. OFDM Application Data Rate • *Notes: • Calculated by DLMS-UA for S-FSK. • Measured in the field for OFDM.

  13. Designed for multiple Smart Grid applications • Grid asset management • Meter management • In-home energy display/management • Electric vehicle charging • Lighting automation (Street, Airport, commercial buildings) • Factory automation/energy monitoring

  14. G3-PLC progress to mass roll-out G3-PLC DC/Meter (Production) July 2011 Standardization starts (IEEE, ITU, IEC) Dec 2009 G3-PLC (DSP) Field Trails June 2009 OFDM Field Trials Dec 2007 G3-PLC Chipset Available Nov 2010 ITU G3-PLC Standard Pre-publication Dec 2011 2007 2008 2009 2011 2010 2012 DC/Meter Deployment Completed Sep 2011 Start Spec Development Aug 2008 OFDM Demo EDF/ERDF Jan 2007 Spec Release July 2009 DC/Meter (Implementation) June 2010 DC/Meter (Certification) May 2011

  15. G3-PLC Standardization “G3-PLC - Main Technology Driving Narrow Band (NB) OFDM PLC Standardization” NB OFDM PLC Standards under development to date: • ITU G.9955 G3-PLC Annex Pre-publication completed in Dec 2011 • IEEE 1901.2 Cenelec through FCC based on G3-PLC – target ballot Q2CY12 • DLMS /COSEM Upper Layer G3-PLC submitted for inclusion in Blue Book

  16. Field tested Worldwide • France – ERDF • Portugal - EDP • USA - WIN Energy and St Louis Coop • Japan – TEPCO and Chugoku • China, State Grid and NARI • Taiwan - III/TaiPower • Mexico – CFE • Germany - Vattenfall

  17. Field test Results - Examples

  18. Urban area (~400 meters/transformer) Residential (200-300 meters/transformer) Typical Electricity Topology Isolated (<9 meters/transformer)

  19. Long-distance MV-to-MV Tests (France) Test performed by ERDF 6.4KM. No repeaters. *G3 tests preformed in CENELEC (32-95kHz ) frequency band without 8PSK limiting data rate.

  20. (M) 2 km (S) 1,4 km (S) MV-to-LV and LV-to-MV(France) MV-to-LV Test Setup • Concentrator installed on the MV network, and two slave devices connected to the LV network • MV-to-LV transformer crossing introduced frequency-dependent attenuation of over 40dB *G3-PLC tests preformed in CENELEC (32-95kHz ) frequency band without 8PSK limiting data rate.

  21. Test configuration

  22. Pictures from Field Test • Room #2 with all commonly used home appliances where PLC Rx #3 was located. • location where PLC Rx #1 and PLC Rx #2 were located with two Kotasus were on.

  23. Home Appliances Noise • The following appliances are used as the noise source in the field trial: • IH Heater, TV, triac, 3 Kotasu Heaters, Microwave, Rice Cooker, Water Pot, Blanket, and carpet vacuum • The noise spectrum of two major noise sources IH Heater an Kotasu are as shown below: IH Heater Kotasu Heater Maxim Confidential

  24. Test Results • At room 2, we compare the received spectrum with all noise sources off (on the left side), and the received spectrum with all noise sources on (on the right side) as shown as below • With ATM mode, data rate is about 6-10 kbps signal level is much higher than noise level signal level is almost the same as noise level Noise level Maxim Confidential

  25. MV-to-LV Tests(USA) High-speed communications while crossing medium-to-low voltage transformers MV LV

  26. Test results in Beijing 18 Floors • Test were performed in a customer designated site • Substation located in the basement of a parking structure • Test site had two MV/LV transformers (T1 and T2). • MV distribution is underground LV MV

  27. Thank you for your attention Visit our website www.G3-plc.com

  28. Additional G3-PLC Information • Idaho National Labs – Charger and EMC testing • http://avt.inl.gov/pdf/phev/VtoVSESmartGridRpt.pdf • Pacific National Labs – 30 million Message test • http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/merit_review_2011/veh_sys_sim/vss055_gowri_2011_p..pdf • IEEE G3-PLC Research – G3-PLC on Galvanized SWER • http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6102338&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F6093618%2F6102296%2F06102338.pdf%3Farnumber%3D6102338

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