Findings from 2016 Keren/Deyr Assessment in Fafan Zone

1. Findings from 2016 Keren/Deyr Assessment in Fafan Zone

2. 1. Introduction • The 2016 Deyr/Keren/Meher Assessment was conducted from November 22nd to December 13th, 2016. • Fafan team visited 10 woredas; only Goljano was not visited • 11 kebeles representing different LEZ’s were also visited for the LIAS

3. 2. Objective of the Assessment The overall objective was: • To appraise the outcome of Keren/Deyr rains in terms of: • performance of rainfall • Impact on livelihood and food security • To analyze possible effects of potential hazards • To identify/estimate number of vulnerable people requiring different types of assistance (food and non-food) • To provide input for the HRD.

4. 3. Methodology • HEA tools were employed for the assessment • Discussion with woreda authorities using semi-structured interview • Key informant interview using sector-based checklist • Discussion with communities of visited kebeles • Physical observation, analysis and reflection

5. 4. Findings of the Assessment

6. 4.1 Weather/Rainfall Contd Keren (July – August) Deyr (September – November) Eastern Harshin, Mula and Southern Babile are Deyr receiving areas of Fafan zone; Deyr rains failed entirely with no rains received during the season apart 1 – 2 localized rains received in and around Harshin town in late November. • Received in majority of the zone (exceptions: eastern Harshin, Mula and Southern Babile) • Performed well in sedentary livelihood zones (triangle formed by Awbarre, Jigjiga and Tuli-Guled Districts) • Poorly performed in agro-pastoralist parts of the zone exhibiting late onset; erratic distribution and frequency and early cessation

7. 4.1 Weather/Rainfall Contd.. • Awbarre, Jigjiga and Tuliguled experienced unseasonable rains toward the end of November (cause for concern among wheat farmers) • No rains are expected till the next Gu rainy season (March/April, 2017)

8. 4.2 Crop Production Prospects • Crop production is mainly rain-fed • Sedentary farmers cultivated wheat whereas agro-pastoralists planted mainly sorghum crops • Wheat crops have performed well and farmers have obtained favorable harvests – large areas were cultivated due to supply of adequate quantity of seeds • Sorghum crops cultivated in the agro-pastoral areas of the zone (eastern Jijiga, Gursum, North Babile, east Awbarre and Kebribayah districts) have failed due to moisture stress • Apart from yielding fodder for livestock; no harvest is expected from the sorghum crops

9. 4.3. Crop Pests and Diseases • Some woredas reported diseases and pests affecting crops including stalk borer and cut worm. No report of any migratory pest infestation.

11. 4.4 Pasture Condition • Marked variation between Deyr and Keren receiving parts of the zone with the former suffering acute pasture shortage • Pasture depletion observed in eastern Harshin • Signficant livestock movement within the zone (from eastern Harshin to Kebribayah and Awbarre; Southern Babile, eastern Awbarre and eastern Kebribayah to other parts of respective woredas); • Influx from adjacent zones (mainly Jarar) and neighboring country may accelerate pasture depletion; • Weak animals left behind with women and children are being hand fed using relief food.

12. 4.5. Livestock Body Condition and Productivity • Body condition of livestock deteriorating due to stresses associated with feed shortage and trekking • Particularly cattle and sheep are found to be weak • Drought-associated livestock deaths reported in some areas • Livestock in agro-pastoralist areas that have access to crop residues and straw are relatively better in terms of their body condition as compared to livestock kept on natural pasture • Milk production is poor as animals are normally dry or late lactating at this time; poor feed availability, outmigration of camel herds – this could have implication for HH access to nutritious food

15. 4.6. Livestock Disease Situation • No widespread occurrence of disease outbreaks of epidemic proportions • Localized incidences of endemic diseases such as PPR, SGP, FMD, LSD, internal parasites, leading to some but insignificant mortalities • With increased movement and intermingling of herds coupled with reduced immunity of herds, spike in disease outbreaks could be anticipated.

16. 4.7. Market • Poor demand and low price for livestock • Cereal price is high in the agro-pastoral areas as sorghum crops have failed • TOT not favorable for pastoralists • Wheat farmers complained about low price for their produce (increased supply due to favorable harvests)

17. 4.8. WASH • The main sources of water in Fafan Zone are motorized boreholes, hand-dug wells, Birkas, Haffir-dams and ponds. • Deyr receiving and birkad-dependent areas are facing water shortage • Rains received in the end of November recharged birkads in parts of Harshin, Awbare, Tuli and Jigjiga • About 68,000 persons in 10 kebeles in eastern and souther Harshin and four kebeles in Mula face critical water shortage and need urgent water trucking assistance • About 11boreholes need maintenance

18. Bore-hole Status

19. Hot Spot kebeles that need water trucking

20. WASH Contd.. • Poor water quality pose health risk in certain areas

21. 4.9. Education • Four ABE Schools (2 in Harshin and 2 in Babile) are closed because of the drought; • Harshin is the most affected with higher number of school drop outs reported due to the drought; • Overcrowding of schools in Babile due to IDPs • No separate latrines for boys and girls • Absence of school feeding programmes in the majority of schools • AWD awareness creation given in all schools

22. 4.10. Health and Nutrition • Woredas have no well-planned preparedness and budget allocation for emergency response • No PHEM officer at each woreda • AWD outbreak in 5 woredas; 362 cases and 10 deaths; • Forty five measles cases with no mortality reported in Harshin and Kebribayah in the last 6 months; • Number of malaria cases: 211 • All health facilities (131 HP and 17 HCs) provide OTP service; SC is provided at the HCs • 434 SAM cases with edema and 51 cases without edema were reported; • All woredas have nutrition supplies and stabilization centers to treat SAM cases

23. AWD cases

24. 4.11. Child Protection • Young girls and children are temporarily separated from families as they trek animals over long distances: may expose children especially girls to risks • Children being withdrawn from schools to assist in the migration of families

25. 4.12.ES and NFI • Migrating pastoral HHs with no shelter and NFI • Harshin woreda administration distributed 500 blankets and 200 sacs of rice to migrating HHs from Aware, Daror and Gashamo districts.

26. 4.13. Food Security Prospect • The food security situation has deteriorated in the pastoralist and agro-pastoralist parts of the zone • Pastoralist areas depend on livestock sale for income, and the demand is currently poor • Agro-pastoralist areas are also facing similar situation due to poor harvests • Hence access of HHs to food and income has declined weakening the purchasing power of families.

27. 5. Recommendations Livestock • Emergency feeding of core breeding animals in areas facing critical feed shortage: Harshin, Mula, parts of Babile and Kebribayah • Supplementary feeding by treating crop residues with molasses and urea to improve palatability and nutritive quality in agro-pastoralist areas • Livestock disease investigation and surveillance has to be strengthened • Carry out strategic disease control interventions

28. Recommendation • Support commercial and slaughter destocking intervention. • Assist forage production activities and establishment of fodder banks to help reduce risks associated with feed shortage. • Support implementation of long term resilience activities including rangeland restoration to improve the productivity and sustainability of rangelands.

29. Recommendation Crop • Provision of improved crop seeds for agro-pastoralists in the zone to help crop production activities in subsequent cropping seasons.

30. Health and Nutrition • Establish public health emergency response team at district level • Avail the necessary supplies/drugs/fund for emergency management response at woreda level • Health staff capacity building(training) on emergency response • Sustain HPs & HCs providing OTP & SC with continuous supply & drugs. • Avail at woreda health office nutrition reports • PHEM Coordination, review meetings with multi-sector participation is highly needed at district to better serve the public.

31. WASH • Emergency water trucking assistance to drought affected kebeles in Harshinand Mula districts; • Prepositioning of spare parts/equipment for repair and maintenance of permanent water systems especially focusing on water points that are of strategic importance during the drought period. • Urgent Maintenance of all water sources particularly bore holes and hand dug wells • Providing trainings for kebele wash committees and wareda experts • Providing and distribution of water purification chemicals

32. Education • School feeding programmes should be strengthened and expanded • Special attention to closed, partially functioning and overcrowded schools where there are large number of IDPs • Provision of water to school facilities and building separate latrines for boys and girls • Repair schools that are damaged by the wind

33. Food • Increasing relief food assistance • Re-consider the spatial distribution of FDPs in relation to the distance to beneficiaries.

34. Assessment Team Members

35. THANK YOU!