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Deploying Long-Lived and Cost-effective Hybrid Sensor Networks

This paper explores the deployment of hybrid sensor networks for cane toad monitoring, focusing on achieving wide-area sensing coverage with sophisticated processing and communication capabilities. It discusses the deployment issues, optimal micro-server placement, and cost-effectiveness. The study presents a tabu search algorithm to maximize network lifetime and provides conclusions and recommendations for engineering guidelines.

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Deploying Long-Lived and Cost-effective Hybrid Sensor Networks

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  1. Deploying Long-Lived and Cost-effective Hybrid Sensor Networks Nirupama Bulusu, Portland State University joint work with Wen Hu, Chun-tung Chou, Sanjay Jha (University of New South Wales)

  2. Our Sensor Net App • Cane Toad Monitoring • “Cane toads will progressively shell shock an unsuspecting Kakadu environment, in particular they will come close to wiping out native quoll populations, poison large masses of goannas and disturb the food supply of many native animals.” • Requirements • Cheap, wide-area sensing coverage • … but sophisticated processing, communication for target localization and vocalization Cane Toad Explosion Co

  3. Hybrid Sensor Networks Platforms A Hierarchical View

  4. Previous Work: Data Anycast • Deliver data to preferably nearest micro-server, which can • Forward it using out of band, broadband (802.11b, 802.11g) communications link • Store/process it • Perform the desired actuation • Build up a reverse-tree at each sensor efficiently • (scalability, adaptability/mobility, little over-head/energy efficient, distributed, simplicity) • Reference: • Wen Hu, Nirupama Bulusu, and Sanjay Jha, “A communication paradigm for hybrid sensor/actuator networks,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2004), Barcelona, Spain, October 2004.

  5. This Paper: Deployment Issues • What is the maximum network lifetime possible for a given number of micro-servers? • What is the optimal micro-server placement of micro-servers to achieve maximum lifetime? • Is the deployment cost-effective? How to achieve optimal cost benefit?

  6. Cost Model Energy consumption limitation of sensor Energy consumption limitation of Micro-server (assuming sensors, micro-servers in 2D grid layout)

  7. A Tabu Search Algorithm • The model is a huge combinatorial problem. • An approximation tabu-search algorithm • Algorithm benchmark (a 20 grid network)

  8. Network lifetime of a 100 grid network

  9. Micro-server Placement

  10. Cost-effectiveness (network size=100, vary k)

  11. Cost-effectiveness (k=50, vary network size)

  12. Concluding Thoughts • A methodology for studying hybrid sensor deployment (cost model + tabu search algorithm) • spatiotemporal event rates captured as discrete variables • learn from inference, use to reconfigure micro-server deployment • applicable to storage, computation etc. • Use as engineering guideline, not as a guarantee

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