2. RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES An Introduction

3. Nose/mouth – pharynx/oropharynx – Larynx – Trachea – Bronchi – Bronchioles – Lungs- Alveoli

4. The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm moves slightly downward, the ribs move upward/outward and air flows into the lungs Inhalation Exhalation is the reverse ALL IS NORMAL BASED ON………

5. Tidal Volume The amount of air moved into or out of the lungs in a single breath Normal is 500 ml

6. Minute Volume The amount of air moved in or out of the lungs in one minute minus dead space mV= RR x vT – dead space (150) ml

7. Normal Minute Volume 12bpm x 500 mL – 150 mL/bpm dead space= 5850mL/minute

8. Rate Rhythm Quality Depth 12-20 regular breath adequate sounds Skin is warm/pink/dry

9. INADEQUATE BREATHING • Respiratory Distress • Respiratory Failure • Respiratory Arrest

10. Inadequate Breathing Defined

11. Signs of Inadequate Breathing

12. Respiratory Distress

13. Respiratory Failure

14. Respiratory Arrest

15. Patient Assessment Rate Rhythm Quality 12-20 Regular Depth (minute volume) None Too Fast Too Slow

16. Oxygen Therapy Nasal Canulae Non-Rebreather

17. Oxygen Therapy (administration) Examples requiring O2 administration: • Respiratory or cardiac arrest • Heart attack • Stroke • Shock • Blood loss • Lung disease • Broken bones • Head injuries

18. Hypoxia Deprivation of adequate supply of oxygen

19. Breathing Difficulties Signs and Symptoms • Shortness of breath • Tightness in the chest • Restlessness • Increased pulse rate • Decreased pulse rate (especially in infants and children) • Changes in breathing rate/rhythm

20. Pale, cyanotic or flushed skin • Noisy breathing • Inability to speak in full sentences • Use of accessory muscles • Retractions • AMS • Coughing • Flared nostrils; pursed lips • Positioning • Barrel chest

21. Respiratory Conditions • COPD Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis Black Lung • CHF Hypoxic Drive NEVER WITHHOLD OXYGEN

22. Airway Management and Ventilation Respiratory Failure; Respiratory Arrest • Rescue Breathing • Mouth-Mask • BVM • Airway Adjunct • Suctioning