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IT 10103

IT 10103. Introduction to Information Technology CHAPTER 07 - Storage. STORAGE. What is Storage? Holds data, instructions, and information for future use. STORAGE. Every computer uses storage to hold system software and application software. STORAGE. Storage Medium (media)

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IT 10103

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  1. IT 10103 Introduction to Information Technology CHAPTER 07 - Storage

  2. STORAGE What is Storage? Holds data, instructions, and information for future use.

  3. STORAGE Every computer uses storage to hold system software and application software.

  4. STORAGE Storage Medium (media) The physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information.

  5. STORAGE Storage Capacity

  6. STORAGE Recording and Retrieving from Storage is called: Writing and Reading

  7. STORAGE Access Time The time it takes to locate an item on storage media plus the time required to deliver that item to memory and then to the processor

  8. STORAGE Fraction of Time Measurements

  9. STORAGE Access Time Memory = Billionth/Sec (Nanoseconds) Storage = Thousandth/Sec (Milliseconds)

  10. STORAGE Zip Disk Drives 100 MB – 750 MB

  11. STORAGE Hard Drives (HD) The primary storage device in a computer system

  12. STORAGE Invented in 1950’s Also called: Fixed Disks Hard Disks Primary Storage

  13. STORAGE Common Capacities: 20 GB 30 GB 40 GB 60 GB 80 GB 100 GB 120 GB 160 GB 200 GB 300 GB 400 GB 500 GB 750 GB

  14. STORAGE Data is stored as Files Files are collections of Bytes

  15. STORAGE Files are simply strings of bytes stored on the hard drive

  16. STORAGE Files are fetched into Memory by the CPU one byte at a time, and stored on the HD one byte at a time

  17. STORAGE The time to retrieve data is measured in two ways: Data Rate Seek Time

  18. STORAGE Data Rate: The data rate is the number of bytes per second that the drive can deliver to the CPU. Rates between 5 and 160 megabytes per second are common.

  19. STORAGE Seek Time: The seek time is the amount of time between when the CPU requests a file and when the first byte of the file is sent to the CPU. Times between 8 and 20 milliseconds are common.

  20. STORAGE View of a Typical Internal Hard Drive

  21. STORAGE Inside a Hard Drive

  22. STORAGE Platters: Typically spin at 3,600 to 10,000 RPM when the drive is operating. These platters are manufactured to amazing tolerances and are mirror-smooth.

  23. Platters STORAGE Read/Write Heads

  24. STORAGE Data is stored on the surface of a platter in sectors and tracks.

  25. STORAGE Tracks are concentric circles (Yellow) Sectors are pie-shaped wedges on a track (Blue)

  26. STORAGE Low-Level formatting a drive establishes the tracks and sectors on the platter. This is done at the factory.

  27. STORAGE Partitioning a Hard Drive Separates the Hard Drive into Logical Pieces

  28. STORAGE Partitioning a Hard Drive Drive C: is always the first Logical drive partition of the first Hard Drive registered in the system

  29. STORAGE One Primary Partition 80 GB Partitioning Example: Drive C:

  30. STORAGE Primary C: Logical D: Logical E: Logical F: 20 GB 20 GB 20 GB 20 GB Partitioning Example:

  31. STORAGE High-level formatting writes the file-storage structures, like the file-allocation table, into the sectors. This process prepares the drive to hold files.

  32. STORAGE Head Crash Causes Physical Damage to the Hard Drive Platters Catastrophic Data Not Usually Recoverable

  33. STORAGE Hard Drive Interfaces SATA – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Newest Interface for PC’s Capable of 150 MBps up to 300 MBps Serial Interface

  34. STORAGE Hard Drive Interfaces EIDE – Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics Most common type today, but slowly replaced by SATA Capable of 133 MBps Parallel Interface

  35. STORAGE Hard Drive Interfaces SCSI – Small Computer Systems Interface Parallel Interface from 10 MBps – 320 MBps

  36. STORAGE SCSI Cont’d

  37. STORAGE Compact Disc (CD) Developed in the 1980’s Utilizes Lasers to Read data stored on a plastic circular disc

  38. STORAGE CD’s are created in a spiral track from the inside hub to the outside edge

  39. STORAGE The tracks are made up of Pits & Lands representing 1’s & 0’s Land = 1 Pit = 0

  40. STORAGE PC CD-ROM Compact Disc created for use on a Personal Computer 99% of current software is shipped on CDs

  41. STORAGE CD Storage Capacity 750 MB 800 MB 900 MB 1.3 GB – HD Burn

  42. STORAGE CD, CD-R, CD-RW CD – Read Only CD-R – Read & Write Once CD-RW – Read & Write & Re-write

  43. STORAGE CD-ROM Read Only – Common Speeds 1x, 2x, 4x, 6x, 8x, 12x, 16x 24x, 32x, 40x, 48x, 52x

  44. STORAGE Read Speeds 1x = 150 Kb/Sec (Audio Standard) 24x = 150 x 24 or 3600 Kb/Sec 52x = 150 x 52 or 7800 Kb/Sec

  45. STORAGE CD-RW Read & Write & Re-Write Common Speeds 8x/2x/12x, 12x/4x/24x 24x/8x/32x, 32x/12x/40x 48x/16x/48x, 52x/24x/52x 52x/48x/52x

  46. STORAGE DVD - Digital Versatile Disc

  47. STORAGE DVD - Digital Versatile Disc

  48. STORAGE DVD-ROM Read Only Format

  49. STORAGE DVD-R = DVD minus R A writeable format The first DVD recording format released that was compatible with standalone DVD Players

  50. STORAGE DVD+R = DVD plus R A writeable format The second DVD recording format released by the DVD+RW Alliance

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