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Understanding Networking Fundamentals: Key Concepts and Troubleshooting Techniques

This guide, prepared by Rob Geiszler for the Vermont Department of Libraries, outlines essential networking concepts and the technology behind them. It covers the history of networking, packet switching, IP addressing, router configuration, and common protocols. The document also delves into wireless networking security, troubleshooting tips, and useful utilities such as ipconfig and ping. Whether you are setting up a home network or maintaining a larger one, this resource will help you navigate the complexities of both local and global networks effectively.

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Understanding Networking Fundamentals: Key Concepts and Troubleshooting Techniques

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Basic Networking Vermont Department of Libraries Prepared by Rob Geiszler

  2. Some Fundamental Concepts • THE Network • A little history (DARPA – ARPA – DARPA) • A little technology • Packet switching • The packet header • Addresses & Licenses • License Classes • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers • The Domain Name Server

  3. DNS System http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Domain_name_space.svg

  4. Your network Lucid, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homenet.svg

  5. The NIC futase_tdkr , http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NIC_on_RTL8139C.JPG

  6. Your Network and THE Network • Addresses, Addresses, Addresses • The MAC address • Public Addresses • Private Addresses • 192.168.x.x • 10.0.x.x • Static addressing vs. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol • ipconfig • ipconfig /all

  7. Interpreting ipconfig

  8. The Router • Configuration issues using the configuration screens • Router default accounts and passwords: • http://www.phenoelit-us.org/dpl/dpl.html • http://www.routerpasswords.com/index.asp • Or check the manufacturer’s website • URLs usually 192.168.0.1, 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.2.1 • Remember the RESET button

  9. Network troubleshooting • Check ALL the connections! • Check ALL the connections – AGAIN! • Ipconfig – are all the ducks in a row? • ping – are we connected? • To test for connection • To test for DNS • tracert – where does the connection fail?

  10. Network protocols and : ports • TCP/IP • http:80 • FTP:21 • SSH:22 • Telnet:23 • smtp:25 • DNS:53 • IMAP:143 • https:443 • dhcpv6:556 (client) • dhcpv6:557 (server)

  11. Cables – CAT 5 & 6 ← Regular (Straight) T568B Crossover →

  12. Jacks – CAT5 & 6

  13. Adding wireless • What’s different about wireless? • The configuration screen • Security on wireless routers • When? • Keys • WEP • WPA • WPA2 • Access points and repeaters

  14. Some helpful utilities • Ipconfig • ping • Tracert • Softperfect Network Scanner: • http://www.softperfect.com/products/networkscanner/

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