1. Tabla periódica de los elementos 1 18 grupo 1 +1 −1 4.0026022 2372.3 1.00794 1312.0 masa atómica o número másico del isótopo más estable 26 55.845 762.5 metales alcalinos metaloides 2.20 número atómico electronegatividad H Hidrógeno 1s¹ He Helio 1s² período 1 1.83 alcalinotérreos no metales 1.ª energía de ionización Fe Hierro [Ar] 3d 4s² +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 en kJ/mol 2 13 14 15 16 17 otros metales halógenos 3 +1 −1 9.0121824 899.5 5 +3 +2 +1 6 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 −3 −4 7 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 −3 8 +2 +1 −1 −2 18.9984039 1681.0 20.179710 2080.7 6.941 520.2 10.811 800.6 12.0107 1086.5 14.0067 1402.3 15.9994 1313.9 símbolo químico metales de transición gases nobles elementos desconocidos 0.98 1.57 2.04 2.55 3.04 3.44 3.98 Li Litio 1s² 2s¹ Be Berilio 1s² 2s² B Boro 1s² 2s² 2p¹ C Carbono 1s² 2s² 2p² N Nitrógeno 1s² 2s² 2p³ O Oxígeno 1s² 2s² 2p F Flúor 1s² 2s² 2p Ne Neón 1s² 2s² 2p +2 −1 2 lantánidos estados de oxidación más comunes están en negrita nombre actínidos configuración electrónica 22.9897611 0.93 495.8 24.305012 1.31 737.7 26.9815313 1.61 577.5 28.085514 1.90 786.5 30.9769615 2.19 1011.8 16 17 18 32.065 999.6 35.453 1251.2 39.948 1520.6 2.58 3.16 Na Sodio [Ne] 3s¹ Mg Magnesio Magnesio [Ne] 3s² Al Aluminio [Ne] 3s² 3p¹ Si Silicio [Ne] 3s² 3p² P Fósforo [Ne] 3s² 3p³ S Azufre [Ne] 3s² 3p Cl Cloro [Ne] 3s² 3p Ar Argón [Ne] 3s² 3p +1 −1 +2 +1 +3 +1 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 −3 −4 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 −3 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 39.098319 0.82 418.8 20 44.9559121 1.36 633.1 22 50.941523 1.63 650.9 51.996224 1.66 652.9 54.9380425 1.55 717.3 26 58.9331927 1.91 760.4 58.693428 1.88 737.1 29 30 31 32 74.9216033 2.18 947.0 34 35 36 40.078 589.8 47.867 658.8 55.845 762.5 63.546 745.5 65.38 906.4 69.723 578.8 72.64 762.0 78.96 941.0 79.904 1139.9 83.798 1350.8 1.00 1.54 1.83 1.90 1.65 1.81 2.01 2.55 2.96 3.00 K Potasio [Ar] 4s¹ Ca Calcio [Ar] 4s² Sc Escandio [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² Ti Titanio [Ar] 3d² 4s² V Vanadio [Ar] 3d³ 4s² Cr Cromo [Ar] 3d 4s¹ Mn Manganeso [Ar] 3d 4s² Fe Hierro [Ar] 3d 4s² Co Cobalto [Ar] 3d 4s² Ni Níquel [Ar] 3d 4s² Cu Cobre [Ar] 3d¹ 4s¹ Zn Zinc [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² Ga Galio [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² 4p¹ Ge Germanio [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² 4p² As Arsénico [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² 4p³ Se Selenio [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² 4p Br Bromo [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² 4p Kr Kriptón [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² 4p +1 +2 +3 +2 +1 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 … −3 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 +4 +3 +2 +1 +2 +3 +2 +1 +4 +3 +2 +1 −4 +5 +3 +2 −3 +6 +4 +2 −2 +7 +5 +4 +3 +1 −1 +2 4 85.467837 0.82 403.0 38 88.9058539 1.22 600.0 40 92.9063841 1.60 652.1 42 43 44 102.905545 2.28 719.7 46 107.868247 1.93 731.0 112.44148 1.69 867.8 114.81849 1.78 558.3 118.71050 1.96 708.6 121.76051 2.05 834.0 52 126.904453 2.66 1008.4 131.29354 2.60 1170.4 91.224 640.1 95.96 684.3 (98) 702.0 101.07 710.2 106.42 804.4 127.60 869.3 87.62 549.5 0.95 1.33 2.16 1.90 2.20 2.20 2.10 Rb Rubidio [Kr] 5s¹ Sr Estroncio [Kr] 5s² Y Itrio [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² Zr Circonio [Kr] 4d² 5s² Nb Niobio [Kr] 4d 5s¹ Mo Molibdeno [Kr] 4d 5s¹ Tc Tecnecio [Kr] 4d 5s² Ru Rutenio [Kr] 4d 5s¹ Rh Rodio [Kr] 4d 5s¹ Pd Paladio [Kr] 4d¹ Ag Plata [Kr] 4d¹ 5s¹ Cd Cadmio [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² In Indio [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² 5p¹ Sn Estaño [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² 5p² Sb Antimonio [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² 5p³ Te Telurio [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² 5p I Yodo [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² 5p Xe Xenón [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² 5p +1 +2 +3 +2 +1 +4 +3 +2 +1 +5 +4 +3 +2 −1 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −3 +8 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −2 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 +4 +2 +3 +2 +1 +2 +3 +2 +1 +4 +2 −4 +5 +3 −3 +6 +5 +4 +2 −2 +7 +5 +3 +1 −1 +8 +6 +4 +2 5 132.905455 0.79 375.7 137.32756 0.89 502.9 174.966871 1.27 523.5 72 180.947873 1.50 761.0 74 186.20775 1.90 760.0 76 192.21777 2.20 880.0 195.08478 2.28 870.0 196.966579 2.54 890.1 80 204.383381 1.62 589.4 82 208.980483 2.02 703.0 84 85 86 178.49 658.5 183.84 770.0 190.23 840.0 200.59 1007.1 207.2 715.6 (210) 812.1 (210) 890.0 (220) 1037.0 1.30 2.36 2.20 2.00 2.33 2.00 2.20 Cs Cesio [Xe] 6s¹ Ba Bario [Xe] 6s² Lu Lutecio [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² Hf Hafnio [Xe] 4f¹ 5d² 6s² Ta Tántalo [Xe] 4f¹ 5d³ 6s² W Wolframio [Xe] 4f¹ 5d 6s² Re Renio [Xe] 4f¹ 5d 6s² Os Osmio [Xe] 4f¹ 5d 6s² Ir Iridio [Xe] 4f¹ 5d 6s² Pt Platino [Xe] 4f¹ 5d 6s¹ Au Oro [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s¹ Hg Mercurio Mercurio [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² Tl Talio [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² 6p¹ Pb Plomo [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² 6p² Bi Bismuto [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² 6p³ Po Polonio [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² 6p At Astato [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² 6p Rn Radón [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² 6p +1 +2 +3 +4 +3 +2 +5 +4 +3 +2 −1 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −2 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −3 +8 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −2 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 −1 −3 +6 +5 +4 +2 +5 +3 +2 +1 −1 +4 +2 +1 +3 +1 +4 +2 −4 +5 +3 −3 +6 +4 +2 −2 +1 −1 6 87 88 (262)103 470.0 (261)104 580.0 (262)105 (266)106 (264)107 (277)108 (268)109 (271)110 (272)111 (285)112 (284)113 (289)114 (288)115 (292)116 117 (294)118 (223) 380.0 (226) 509.3 (294) 0.70 0.90 +2 +4 -1 +1 +3 +5 +2 +4 +3 +1 +3 +5 +6 +4 +2 +2 +4 +1 +3 -1 +1 +3 +5 +1 +3 +5 Fr Francio [Rn] 7s¹ Ra Radio [Rn] 7s² Lr Lawrencio [Rn] 5f¹ 7s² 7p¹ Rf Rutherfordio [Rn] 5f¹ 6d² 7s² Db Dubnio [Rn]5f14 6d3 7s2 Sg Seaborgium Seaborgio [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d4 +6Bh Bohrio [Rn]5f14 6d5 7s2 Hs Hasio [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 +8Mt Meitnerio [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d7 Ds Darmstatio [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d8 Rg Roentgenio Roentgenio [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1 Cn Copernicio [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 Nh Nihonio [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1 Fl Flerovio [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2 Mc Moscovio [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3 Lv Livermorio [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4 Ts Teneso [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5 Og Oganesón [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +7 7 Bloques de configuración electrónica 138.905457 1.10 538.1 140.11658 1.12 534.4 140.907659 1.13 527.0 144.24260 1.14 533.1 61 62 151.96463 547.1 64 158.925365 565.8 162.50066 1.22 573.0 164.930367 1.23 581.0 167.25968 1.24 589.3 168.934269 1.25 596.7 173.05470 603.4 (145) 540.0 150.36 544.5 157.25 593.4 1.17 1.20 La Lantano [Xe] 5d¹ 6s² Ce Cerio [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² Pr Praseodimio Nd Neodimio [Xe] 4f 6s² Pm Prometio [Xe] 4f 6s² Sm Samario [Xe] 4f 6s² Eu Europio [Xe] 4f 6s² Gd Gadolinio [Xe] 4f 5d¹ 6s² Tb Terbio [Xe] 4f 6s² Dy Disprosio Disprosio [Xe] 4f¹ 6s² Ho Holmio [Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s² Er Erbio [Xe] 4f¹² 6s² Tm Tulio [Xe] 4f¹³ 6s² Yb Iterbio [Xe] 4f¹ 6s² +3 +2 +4 +3 +2 +4 +3 +2 +3 +2 +3 +3 +2 +3 +2 +3 +2 +1 +4 +3 +1 +3 +2 +3 +3 +3 +2 +3 +2 [Xe] 4f³ 6s² s d p 89 232.038090 1.30 587.0 231.035891 1.50 568.0 238.028992 1.38 597.6 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 (257)100 1.30 627.0 (258)101 1.30 635.0 (259)102 1.30 642.0 (227) 499.0 (237) 604.5 (244) 584.7 (243) 578.0 (247) 581.0 (247) 601.0 (251) 608.0 (252) 619.0 1.10 1.36 1.28 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 Ac Actinio [Rn] 6d¹ 7s² Th Torio [Rn] 6d² 7s² Pa Protactinio [Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s² U Uranio [Rn] 5f³ 6d¹ 7s² Np Neptunio Neptunio [Rn] 5f 6d¹ 7s² Pu Plutonio [Rn] 5f 7s² Am Americio [Rn] 5f 7s² Cm Curio [Rn] 5f 6d¹ 7s² Bk Berkelio [Rn] 5f 7s² Cf Californio [Rn] 5f¹ 7s² Es Einstenio [Rn] 5f¹¹ 6s² Fm Fermio [Rn] 5f¹² 7s² Md Mendelevio [Rn] 5f¹³ 7s² No Nobelio [Rn] 5f¹ 7s² +4 +3 +1 +3 +2 +3 +2 +3 +2 +3 +2 +3 +4 +3 +2 +5 +4 +3 +6 +5 +4 +3 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +4 +3 +4 +3 f Notas • 1 kJ/mol ≈ 96.485 eV. • Todos los elementos tienen un estado de oxidación implícito cero. • Los estados de oxidación de los elementos 109,110, 111,112,113,114,115,116,117 y 118 son predicciones. • Las configuraciones electrónicas de los elementos 105, 106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117 y 118 son predicciones. me gusta enpapel www.megustaenpapel.com Original file: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_table_large-es.svg