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WEEK-12 CONCEPTS OF NETWORKING

WEEK-12 CONCEPTS OF NETWORKING. DEFINTION & APPLICATIONS. DEFINTION: A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done to enable the computers to communicate and share available resources. APPLICATIONS: Sharing of resources such as printers

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WEEK-12 CONCEPTS OF NETWORKING

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  1. WEEK-12CONCEPTS OF NETWORKING

  2. DEFINTION & APPLICATIONS • DEFINTION: A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done to enable the computers to communicate and share available resources. • APPLICATIONS: • Sharing of resources such as printers • Sharing of expensive software's and database • Communication from one computer to another computer • Exchange of data and information among users via network • Sharing of information over geographically wide areas.

  3. COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK • Two or more computers • Cables as links between the computers • A network interfacing card(NIC) on each computer • Switches • Software called operating system(OS)

  4. SHARING RESOURCES • Types of resources are: • Hardware: A network allows users to share many hardware devices such as printers , modems, fax machines, CD ROM, players, etc. • Software: sharing software resources reduces the cost of software installation, saves space on hard disk.

  5. OTHER BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORK • Increased speed • Reduced cost • Improved security • Centralized software managements • Electronic mail • Flexible access

  6. DISDAVATAGES OF NETWORKS • High cost of installation • Requires time for administration • Failure of server • Cable faults

  7. CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORK

  8. LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN) • LAN is a network which is designed to operate over a small physical area such as an office, factory. • LAN’s are easy to design and troubleshoot • Exchange of information and sharing of resources becomes easy because of LAN. • In LAN all machines are connected to a single cable. • Different types of topologies such as star, tree, bus, ring, etc Can be used • It is usually a privately owned network.

  9. WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN) • When the computers to be connected to each other are at widely separated locations, A wide area network(WAN) is installed. • The communication between different users of WAN is established using leased telephone lines, satellite links. • It is cheaper and more efficient to use the phone network for the link. • Most WAN networks are used to transfer large blocks of data between its users.

  10. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK(MAN) • It is in between LAN & WAN technology that covers the entire city. • It uses similar technology as LAN. • It can be a single network such as cable TV network, or a measure of connecting a number of LAN’s o a large network so that resources can be shared LAN to LAN as well as device to device.

  11. Hubs • Hubs are one of the most basic pieces of networking equipment available. • Physically a hub is a box with a number of RJ45 ports that allows you to connect several networking devices together using twisted pair (CAT 5) network cables.

  12. Hubs • Hubs have no intelligence, meaning they cannot be programmed or have a memory of devices that are plugged into its ports. • They are quite suitable for small networks but tend to perform poorly on large networks.

  13. Switches • Switches look nearly identical to hubs, but a switch generally contains more ‘intelligence’ than a hub. • Unlike hubs, network switches are capable of inspecting the data packets as they are received, determining the source and destination device of that packet, and forwarding that packet appropriately.

  14. Switches • By delivering messages only to the connected device that it was intended for, network switches conserve network bandwidth and offer generally better performance than hubs. • Most switches are active: that is, they electrically amplify the signal as it moves from one device to another.

  15. Routers • Routers translate information from one network to another; it is similar to a bridge with extra intelligence. • Routers select the best path to route a message, based on the destination address and origin. • The router can direct traffic to prevent head-on collisions, and is smart enough to know when to direct traffic along back roads and shortcuts.

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