Project Report ON VSAT Under the Guidance of Mr. J.P PRASAD Submitted by: SHRIYA DAKALIYA

1. Project Report ON VSAT Under the Guidance of Mr. J.P PRASAD Submitted by: SHRIYA DAKALIYA SHAIL AJMANI NAVRIN MEMON PAYEL GHOSH RUBI CHANDRAKAR

2. DECLARATION We hereby declare that the Project entitled “VSAT” being submitted in partial fulfillment for the certificate for vocational training to “Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Durg” is the authentic record of our own work done under the guidance of Mr J.P.PRASAD, our project guides. Project Members: • ,SHRIYA DAKALIYA • SHAIL AJMANI • NAVRIN MEMON • PAYEL GHOSH • RUBI CHANDRAKAR

3. INDEX TOPIC 1.INTRODUCTION TO VSAT 2.HISTORY 3.HOW DOES A VSAT NETWORK WORK? 4.CONFIGURATION 5.CONSTITUENT PARTS OF VSAT CONFIGURATION 6.VSAT SERVICES OFFERED 7.ADVANTAGES OF VSAT TECHNOLOGY 8.FUTURE APPLICATIONS

4. Introduction to VSAT

5. A very small aperture terminal (VSAT) is a device - known as an earth station - that is used to receive satellite transmissions. • The "very small" component of the VSAT acronym refers to the size of the VSAT dish antenna -typically about 2 to 4 feet (0.55-1.2 m) in diameter- that is mounted on a roof on a wall, or placed on the ground.

6. VSAT technology is a secure and reliable medium to connect geographically dispersed locations and represents a cost effective solution for users seeking an independent communication network connecting to the global network.

7. History • The concept of the • geostationary orbit was • originated by Russian • theorist Konstantin • Tsiolkovsky, who wrote • articles on space travel at • the turn of the century.

8. Live satellite communication was developed in the sixties by NASA,[2] named Syncom 1-3. • The first commercial VSATs were C band (6 GHz) receive-only systems by Equatorial Communications using spread spectrum technology. • Equatorial later developed a C band (4/6 GHz) 2 way system using 1 m x 0.5 m antennas and sold about 10,000 units in 1984-85.

9. In 1985, Schlumberger Oilfield Research co-developed the world's first Ku band (12–14 GHz) VSATs with Hughes Aerospace to provide portable network connectivity for oil field drilling and exploration units. • Ku Band VSATs make up the vast majority of sites in use today for data or telephony applications. The largest VSAT network (more than 12,000 sites) was deployed by Spacenet and MCI for the US Postal Service.[

10. ku-band • Kurtz-under band is primarily used for satellite communication, particularly for editing and broadcasting satellite television. • This band is split into multiple segments broken down into geographical regions, as determined by ITU (International Telecommunication union.

11. Ku-band is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies ranging from 11.7GHz-12.7GHz (downlink frequencies) and 14GHz-14.5GHz (uplink frequencies).

12. How does a VSAT network work? A VSAT network has three components: • A central hub (also called a master earth station) • The satellite • A virtually unlimited number of VSAT earth stations in various locations - across a country or continent.

13. Content originates at the hub, which features a very large -15 to 36-foot (4,5 -11m)- antenna. The hub controls the network through a network management system (NMS) server, which allows a network operator to monitor and control all components of the network. The NMS operator can view, modify and download individual configuration information to the individual VSATs.

15. Outbound information (from the hub to the VSATs) is sent up to the communications satellite's transponder, which receives it, amplifies it and beams it back to earth for reception by the remote VSATs. The VSATs at the remote locations send information inbound (from the VSATs to the hub) via the same satellite transponder to the hub station.

17. This arrangement, where all network communication passes through the network's hub processor, is called a "star" configuration, with the hub station at the center of the star. One major advantage of this configuration is that there is virtually no limit on the number of remote VSATs that can be connected the hub. "Mesh" configurations also allow for direct communication between VSATs

18. Configurations Most VSAT networks are configured in one of these topologies: • A star topology, using a central uplink site, such as a network operations center (NOC), to transport data back and forth to each VSAT terminal via satellite, • A mesh topology, where each VSAT terminal relays data via satellite to another terminal by acting as a hub, minimizing the need for a centralized uplink site,

19. A combination of both star and mesh topologies. Some VSAT networks are configured by having several centralized uplink sites (and VSAT terminals stemming from it) connected in a multi-star topology with each star (and each terminal in each star) connected to each other in a mesh topology. Others configured in only a single star topology sometimes will have each terminal connected to each other as well, resulting in each terminal acting as a central hub.

20. Mesh Topology • In a mesh network, devices are connected with many redundant interconnections between network nodes. In a true mesh topology every node has a connection to every other node in the network.

21. Star Topology In a star network devices are connected to a central computer, called a hub. Nodes communicate across the network by passing data through the hub.

22. ODU Dish LNB BUC Feed horn • Constituent parts of a VSAT configuration • VSAT Equipment is mainly • consist of- • ODU ( Outdoor Unit )

23. Power LAN Link IDU (IPX-5100) Ethernet Sync • IDU ( Indoor Unit )

24. Outdoor Unit (ODU): The outdoor unit system is specifically optimized for use with the Indoor Unit and consists of: • Antenna (0.75m - 1.8m) • Block Upconverter (BUC) (1W-2W) • Low Noise Block-Downconverter (LNB) • Feed horn • IFL cable

25. Antenna • Antenna is a device used for transmitting and receiving radio signals. II.BUC: • Block Up Converter; Up converts and amplifies modem information for transmission to the satellite. A BUC (Block Up-Converter) takes an L-band input and transmits it upstream to the satellite on Ka, Ku, or C band.(1W,2W,4W BUC)

26. LNB : • Low Noise Block Down Converter; Down converts and amplifies signals received from the satellite to the modem or receiver. In addition to amplifying the signal, the LNB also converts the signal to a frequency usable by the In-Door-Unit. • IV.Feed horn: • It is a part of satellite dish system which gathers the reflected signals from dishes and focuses it towards the LNB.

27. V. Ifl cable • IFL refers to the cable which connects the ODU with IDU .IFL cable is often a shielded co-axial cable terminated with BNC F-type and N-type connectors.

28. Indoor unit (IDU) • IDU is connected to ODU by IFL (Intra Facility Link). In consumer satellite television application , the IDU usually consist of the satellite receiver which is connected to television . In consumer satellite internet application , the IDU usually consist if a satellite modem which is connected to a computer or a router .

30. VSAT SERVICES OFFERED VSAT is an ideal satellite network that provides communications support for a wide range of applications: -Voice Application -Facsimile - Financial Management- Data processing- Reservation System

31. - Reservation System- Telemetry & Data Collection- News Wire Services- Private-Line Voice- Distance Education- High Speed Internet Acces • - Telemedicine • High speed Broadband Internet

33. Advantages of VSAT technology As companies compete for an increasingly savvy customer looking for value (quality and service), information technology and communications networks are becoming tools to achieve business goals.

34. In addition, they require network flexibility - ease of migration from existing legacy systems as well as addition of new network applications as their companies offer additional services to its customers • Businesses and organizations give many reasons for using VSAT networks over terrestrial alternatives. Among them are:

35. Cost-effective • Flexibility • Accessibility • Availability • Reliability • Versatility • Transmission quality • High network performance • Fast transmissions • Control • Ability to handle large amounts of data • Single vendor solution for both equipment and bandwidth • Broadcast capability • Ability to handle Voice, Video and Data

36. Future applications • Advances in technology have dramatically improved the price/performance equation of FSS (Fixed Service Satellite) over the past five years. New VSAT systems are coming online using Ka band technology that promise higher bandwidth rates for lower costs. • FSS satellite systems currently in orbit have a huge capacity with a relatively low price structure.

37. FSS satellite systems provide various applications for subscribers, including: telephony, fax, television, high speed data communication services, Internet access, Satellite News Gathering (SNG), Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) and others. These systems are applicable for providing various high-quality services because they create efficient communication systems, both for residential and business users.