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Temporal Variation

Temporal Variation. Over time how has the environment changed? Over time how have the processes operating in this environment changed? And what variation has there been in this change – slow, rapid, small, large scale…. Temporal variation is about: What happened first? When was this?

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Temporal Variation

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  1. Temporal Variation Over time how has the environment changed? Over time how have the processes operating in this environment changed? And what variation has there been in this change – slow, rapid, small, large scale…..

  2. Temporal variation is about: What happened first? When was this? What happened next…… What was the sequence to get to TODAY?

  3. Temporal variation includes all the natural processes – when did they occur? Were they even – or did they change i.e. speed up or more of process at some times? Or slow down or less of process? Tectonic Uplift Glaciation Fluvial Processes (Fluvial Erosion, Fluvial Transport, Fluvial Deposition) Orographic Rainfall Freeze Thaw Aeolian Processes And then the effects of people through Human Modification Such as River works e.g. stop banks, HEP, irrigation, recreation use, Vegetation. Land use changes And the idea of Kaitiakitangi to “care for” the environment. It is the sustainable use, management and control of natural and physical resources that are carried out to the mutual benefit of people and resources. e.g. RMA, ECan, Water Conservation Order, resource permits

  4. Temporal variation – RRC • In the early Jurassic – approx 200 million years ago – Canterbury under the sea in a geosyncline • About 170 – 100 million years ago there was compression and uplift of the sediments, volcanic activity and mountain building – Early Cretaceous • Followed by further submersion and uplift

  5. Temporal variation – RRC • About 3 million years ago – the early Pleistocene – crustal movements and elevation increase making mountains • Late Pleistocene – between 3 million and 10, 000 years ago – extremes of climate which include ice age with glaciers advancing down valleys in cold periods

  6. Post glacial……last 10,000 • Fluvial environment – active process of fluvial erosion, transport and deposition – both on the slope and in the channel • Periglacial influences • Climate – precipitation and wind • Continuing tectonic activity • And then finally - People – when? How long? What?

  7. Temporal variation TODAY.. • How do we think of this? • Over last century – patterns of the last 100 years • Over last decade • Over a year (annual) e.g. Rakaia has spring-summer maximum flow due to snowmelt • Over a season – seasonal variation – storm events • Over a day – daily variation – storm events • Over an hour……

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