The Glorious Revolution of Writing!

1. The Glorious Revolution of Writing! English and History Created by: Miss. Colby and Mrs. B. Smith

2. Paragraph Structure • Topic sentence: explain what the paragraph is about • Detail sentences: details about the main idea • Supporting details A.K.A. ELABORATION: details that support your detail sentences • Concluding sentence: a good place to re-focus on the topic sentence and thesis and, in an essay, serves as a transition to your next paragraph.

3. Paragraph Structure • Paragraphs should contain at least 6-8 QUALITY sentences! 1. Topic sentence 2. Detail sentence 3. Supporting detail A.K.A. ELABORATION 4. Detail sentence 5. Supporting detail A.K.A. ELABORATION 6. Detail sentence 7. Supporting detail A.K.A. ELABORATION 8. Concluding sentence

4. 3 steps to using quotes or supporting details • Set the scene: what does the reader need to know in order to understand the detail or quote you are about to write? • Give the quote/detail. • Explain HOW the quote/detail supports the topic sentence/thesis.

5. Three parts to an essay • Introduction (1 paragraph) • Body (3 paragraphs) • Conclusion (1 paragraph)

6. Introduction • Hook: catch the reader's attention • Thesis: explain what the essay is about or what you are going to prove (restate the question in your thesis) • Sub-topics: list what each paragraph is about • give just enough information to make them want to continue reading the rest of it. • Try stating your introduction in three parts that can be handled in three paragraphs conveniently.

7. Body • Topic Sentence • Concrete detail or example to support your topic sentence • Comment #1 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Comment #2 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Concrete detail or example to support your topic sentence • Comment #1 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Comment #2 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Concluding Sentence • transition to the next paragraph.

8. Body • Topic Sentence • Concrete detail or example to support your topic sentence • Comment #1 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Comment #2 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Concrete detail or example to support your topic sentence • Comment #1 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Comment #2 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Concluding Sentence • transition to the next paragraph

9. Body • Topic Sentence • Concrete detail or example to support your topic sentence • Comment #1 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Comment #2 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Concrete detail or example to support your topic sentence • Comment #1 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Comment #2 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Concluding Sentence • transition to the next paragraph

10. Conclusion • Restatement • Purpose for writing • 3 main ideas • So what? • What is important about what you have written? • What should the reader think or do as a result of reading your essay?

11. Thematic Essay Writing • Theme: Throughout history, geographic features have influenced the development of civilizations and regions. Geographic features have both promoted and limited interactions with other civilizations and regions.

12. Task • Select two different geographic features and for each • Discuss how this geographic feature influenced the development of a specific civilization or region. • Discuss how this geographic feature promoted and/or limited the interaction of this civilization or region with another civilization or region.

13. Introduction Topic sentence. Question was restated into a THESIS statement. This also contains the HOOK. • Throughout history, geographic features have influenced the development of civilizations and regions. Geographic features have both promoted and limited interactions with other civilizations and regions. People’s interaction with their world can be promoted or limited by the region in which they live. For instance, islands such as Japan have influenced culture and customs because of their location. Another example of geographic influence on civilizations and regions is Egypt’s rich Nile River. The Nile River made Egypt one of the earliest civilizations, which became a very attractive location for trade and location which many craved to control. SUB TOPIC: this is what your paragraphs will discuss. SUB TOPIC: this is what your paragraphs will discuss.

14. Body paragraph • Topic Sentence (How Japan has promoted (or limited) interactions with other civilizations and regions) • Concrete detail or example to support your topic sentence • Comment #1 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Comment #2 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Concrete detail or example to support your topic sentence • Comment #1 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Comment #2 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Concluding Sentence • transition to the next paragraph.

15. Body paragraph • Topic Sentence (How the Nile River has promoted (or limited) interactions with other civilizations and regions) • Concrete detail or example to support your topic sentence • Comment #1 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Comment #2 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Concrete detail or example to support your topic sentence • Comment #1 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Comment #2 (ELABORATION) to support your example • Concluding Sentence • transition to the next paragraph.

16. Conclusion Restatement/Thesis/Purpose for writing • Geographic features play a crucial role in the development of civilizations and regions. The geographic features of locations can both promote and limit interactions with other civilizations and regions. Being an island, Japan was limited in their influence on other cultures and customs. However, this seclusion allowed Japan’s civilization to be easily influenced by civilizations that surrounded it. The Nile River made Egypt a bustling and ever growing center of civilization because of its location and resources. However, the Nile River also made Egypt a location that was desired to be controlled. Japan and Egypt both demonstrate how certain geographic features have promoted and limited interactions with other civilizations. Restatement/Purpose for writing Main ideas/Restatement

17. Introduction • Throughout the course of history, geographic features have played an important role in the development of civilization in particular regions. HOOK People’s interaction with the “outside” can be promoted or limited by the region in which they live. Thesis For instance, islands such as Japan have experienced the influence of their locations, while Egypt’s rich Nile River make it a center of civilization. Sub Topic

18. Body 1 • Japan’s location has undoubtedly shaped Japanese culture. Topic Sentence For instance, Japan’s location next to china(detail) has made it susceptible to the influence of Chinese culture, but at the same time allowed it to develop its own unique culture. Support Japan adopted a policy of “culture borrowing” and this is reflected in many aspects of life. Support During its early years, Japan borrowed aspects of government from China, including the concept of Chinese-style bureaucracy. Support The use of simplified Chinese characters in Japanese writing clearly demonstrates that Japan has been influenced by China. Support Further influence of China can be seen in the migration of Buddhism from China to Korea to Japan. Support At the same time, however, because Japan is separated by water from China, it avoided invasion by the Mongols. It used its separation to develop what it borrowed into a unique culture. Support For instance, a Japanese woman was the first to write a true novel even though the Japanese writing system evolved from Chinese characters. Support While Buddhism arrived from abroad, it was influenced by the existing belief system, Shinto. Zen Buddhism was uniquely Japanese belief that stresses the power of isolation. Concluding

19. Body 2 • Another example of how geography has impacted the development of a particular civilization is the Nile River in Egypt. Topic Sentence Every year after the Nile River flooded, rich deposits of soil were left behind. Support Ancient Egyptian farmers utilized this rich resource and a steady supply of food enabled Egypt to become one of the earliest civilizations. Support Egypt was the gift of the Nile. Its surplus food was the key to civilization, making it possible for job specialization. Support Flooding of the Nile required dams and irrigation system. Support Urban centers developed along the Nile. Government focused on matters related to the river. The river was the source of what people ate, the laws they followed, and the gods they worshipped. Concluding The Pharaoh ruled, but the river often determined his success.

20. Body 3 • Moreover, the Nile River has also opened Egypt up to trade and made it a desirable strategic location to control. Topic The ancient Greeks traded extensively with Egypt. Recent discoveries show Greece established cities on the delta as trading centers. Support After the Romans conquered Egypt, they relied on this province as a major supplier of grain shipped on the river through the delta.

21. Conclusion • In conclusion, a country’s geographic features play a crucial role in its development. Concluding The examples of Japan and Egypt both demonstrate how certain geographic features have promoted interactions with other regions.