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The Road to Revolution: Colonial America from 1750 to the Rise of Independence

Explore the journey of the American colonies leading up to the Revolutionary War. In 1750, the colonies were diverse but hierarchical, with a majority of the population in rural areas. Political tensions grew due to mercantilism and British economic policies, including the Navigation Acts and Grenville's Reforms, which ignited colonial unrest. Influential movements like the Great Awakening fostered a sense of identity, while events such as the Boston Tea Party and the Intolerable Acts further united colonists. This period culminated in the call for independence at the First Continental Congress.

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The Road to Revolution: Colonial America from 1750 to the Rise of Independence

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Towards the American Revolution

  2. The colonies in 1750 • An outpost with a few small cities • Hierarchy and stratification • The countryside • 95% of the population • Running out of land

  3. Colonial politics • The Glorious Revolution of 1688 • “English liberties” • The role of royal governors • colonial assemblies • “little parliaments”

  4. Imperial economic policy • Mercantilism • Theory • Navigation Acts • Rules, regulations, enumerated goods, and enforcement • Real benefits • Significance

  5. “awash in a sea of faith” • The Great Awakening • A long-term process, late 1730s to 1740s • Jonathan Edwards • Northampton, Mass. • Crisis • Predestination • Emotional conversion experiences

  6. The “Grand Itinerant” • George Whitefield • His message • The implications • Opposition to the “New Lights” • Why? • Who cares?

  7. The French and Indian War • Albany Plan of Union • Inter-colonial cooperation • Rejection • American national identity • Differences • Inter-colonial similarities • “American”

  8. Grenville’s Reforms • The Sugar Act (1764) • Increased duties • Vice-admiralty courts • The Currency Act (1764) • The Quartering Act (1765) • The Stamp Act (1765) • Isaac Barre (pictured) • The Declaratory Act (1766)

  9. English radicalism • English Whigs • Glorious Revolution of 1688 • Aristotle • Real Whigs • John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon • Vigilance • Virtue • Cato’s Letters (1721)

  10. The Townshend Acts (May 1767) • The Suspending Act • The Revenue Act • External tax • American Board of Customs Commissioners • Revived fears

  11. American responses • House of Burgesses • Patrick Henry and the “Virginia Resolves” • Massachusetts General Court • Calls for a Stamp Act Congress • Crowd actions • Sons of Liberty

  12. Crowd actions • In Boston • Effigies • Destruction of property • Goals/symbolism • In New York City • Fort George • Cadwallader Colden • Destruction of property • Goals/symbolism

  13. Committees of Inspection • “enemies to the Liberties of America”

  14. American responses • Confusion and weariness • No clear unity • Nonimportation • Merchants (such as “A Trader”) • “Save your money, and you save your country” • John Dickinson • Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania • Tone • Proposals and message

  15. The redcoats arrive • General Thomas Gage • Trouble • Discipline/desertion • Behavior • “Journal of the Times”

  16. More trouble • The “Body” • Theophilus Lillie • Ebenezer Richardson • Christopher Seider • Resentment • John Gray’s ropewalk (March 2, 1770)

  17. The Massacre (March 5, 1770) • King Street, 8PM • Edward Gerrish • Private Hugh White • King Street, 9PM • Captain Thomas Preston • Richard Palmes • Private Hugh Montgomery

  18. The Tea Act (1773) • Paradox • Reality vs. reception • Sons of Liberty and mass meetings • Committees of the “people,” threats, and violence • Boston Tea Party • Mass meetings • Radical leadership

  19. The Intolerable Acts • Boston Port Act • Massachusetts Government Act • Impartial Administration of Justice Act • Quartering Act of 1774 • Quebec Act

  20. American Response • First Continental Congress (Sept.-Oct. 1774) • Suffolk Resolves • Continental Association • Divisions • Who cares?

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