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the American revolution

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the American revolution

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  1. the American revolution

    Its Ideological Origins
  2. Typical Interpretation:British revenue acts and American resistance Sugar Act, 1764 Stamp Act, 1765 Stamp Act Congress and Boycotts Townshend Duties, 1767, and Boycotts Boston Massacre, 1770 Tea Act, 1773 Boston Tea Party, 1774 Coercive Acts, 1774 1st Continental Congress, 1774 Battle at Lexington and Concord, April 1775
  3. Why these acts so incendiary? Old Interpretation: a conflict between virtuous American people and: Inept British Empire Tyrannical British Empire

  4. Why these acts so incendiary?

    New Interpretation: Ideology
  5. New appreciation for ideological causes of historical events More benign meaning to “ideology” – a mentality Contemporary history –Cold War ideological conflicts Social science influence: anthropology and cultural meaning
  6. British-American ideology British constitution sacred – key to liberty Constitution not codified; accumulated precedent
  7. British Constitution: mixed Government Montesquieu, 1748
  8. British Constitution: mixed Government Montequieu, 1748 – Unprecedented stability and harmony
  9. REAL reasons for British stability and harmony 1. Controversial issues all settled King governs according to Parliamentary statutes Will not levy taxes or wage war without consent No standing army in peacetime
  10. REAL reasons for British stability and harmony 2. Day to day harmony ensured: Crown exercise of “influence” over elections Crown distribution of patronage
  11. Criticism of British system of influence and patronage:Radical Whigs/CommonwealthmenJohn Trenchard and Thomas Gordon, 1720-23
  12. Criticism of British system of influence and patronage: RADICAL WHIG IDEOLOGY BIG IDEAS: Power Threatens Liberty Liberty: Ability to exercise natural rights in limits set by law Power: Compulsion “absolute power corrupts, absolutely” The People MUST be Vigilant Against Corruption and Tyranny
  13. Radical Whig Thought Appeals to: AMERICAN COLONIES American Constitution Mimics British
  14. American Inconsistencies:Power of Executive 1. On surface, more power: Veto Power Can convene and dissolve Assembly at will Judiciary powers
  15. American Inconsistencies:Power of the Executive But in practice, less control . . . Responsible to external executive: Board of Trade Little “influence” over elections Reduced ability to distribute patronage Assemblies appoint sheriffs, approve judges, appoint colonial treasurer
  16. American Inconsistences: Assemblies not Manageable Representation more egalitarian 50-75% of white men meet property qualifications to vote Leadership less settled Instructions given to representatives Idea of direct representation evolves
  17. Through American eyes . . . Governors too powerful British system corrupt Radical whig warnings make sense . . .