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The Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles. “Truly great madness cannot be achieved without significant intelligence.” -Henrik Tikkanen “It stank worse than a pig farm on a 100-degree day.” -Mr. Speros.

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The Treaty of Versailles

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  1. The Treaty of Versailles “Truly great madness cannot be achieved without significant intelligence.” -Henrik Tikkanen “It stank worse than a pig farm on a 100-degree day.” -Mr. Speros

  2. 1) “The High Contracting Parties, In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve peace and security...Agree to this Covenant of the League of Nations.” In other words... 1) The Treaty of Versailles’s first action was to create the League of Nations.

  3. “The Members of the Leauge agree that whenever any dispute shall arize between them...they will submit the whole subject-matter to arbitration.”

  4. “The Members of the Leauge agree that whenever any dispute shall arize between them...they will submit the whole subject-matter to arbitration.”

  5. “The Members of the Leauge agree that whenever any dispute shall arize between them...they will submit the whole subject-matter to arbitration.” In other words... If two or more countries have a problem, they’ll use the Leage of Nations to work through it (instead of making threats and/or going to war).

  6. 2) “Every treaty or international engagement entered into hereafter by any Member of the League shall be...registered...and shall as soon as possible be published.” In other words... 2) All treaties must be made public (no secret treaties). Problem?

  7. 3) Those colonies and territories...which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenouous conditions of the modern world...[will] be entrusted to advanced nations...as Mandatories on behalf of the League.” In other words... 3) Mandates: former colonies given to advanced countries (Britain and France) to be taught how to be independent.

  8. Mandates (continued) 3) Those colonies and territories...which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenouous conditions of the modern world...[will] be entrusted to advanced nations...as Mandatories on behalf of the League.” • Some former German colonies, although many were redistributed British and French colonies. • Almost all taken by Britain and France. • Most in Middle-East. • Problem?

  9. 4) The German military forces shall be...reduced as prescribed hereinafter. In other words... 4) Germany’s military will be limited in the following ways... -100,000 men maximum -no poisonous gas -no tanks -no U-boats

  10. 4) The German military forces shall be...reduced as prescribed hereinafter. -no air force -no dirigibles/Zepplins -severe naval limitations (6 battleships, 6 light cruisers, 12 destroyers, 12 torpedo boats) -all factories producing military equipment must be monitored by the Allies

  11. 5) “Germany is forbidden to maintain or construct any fortifications either on the left bank of the Rhine [River] or on the right bank to the west...” 5) Germany cannot have any military forces in the Rhineland (area in green).

  12. 6) “As compensation for the destruction of the coal-mines in the north of France...Germany cedes to France...the Saar Basin.” 6) The Saar region of Germany given to France for 15 years for its coal deposits. (area in red)

  13. 7) “Recognising the moral obligation to redress the wrong done by Germany in 1871...the population of Alsace and Lorraine...shall be [returned to France].” 7) Alsace-Lorraine region returned to France, which was taken from France in 1871 (area in pink).

  14. 8) “Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage...of the war.” 8) Germany accepts the blame for causing the war. Problem?

  15. 9) “Germany...will make compensation for all damage done...The amount of the above damage for which compensation is to be made by Germany shall be determined by an Inter-Allied Commission [at a later time].” 9) Germany has to pay reparations for war damages. Amount to be determined later. Would eventually be set at $33 billion.

  16. Other Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles Austria-Hungary broken up to form: Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Poland Part of Czechoslovakia also contained territory taken from Germany, known as the Sudentenland

  17. The Biggest Problem The League of Nations: How do countries keep other countries from going to war? By going to war! Another Problem with the LON: The United States never joined.

  18. Why the U.S. Never Joined • Reservationists: Americans who didn’t like how the League would require the U.S. to come to the aid of any member nation • Most opposition came from Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

  19. The Final Mistake • Wilson (who was a bit of a racist) refused to meet with Ho Chi Minh • Ho wanted advice on how to start democracy in Indochina (Vietnam) • He turned to Communism instead Guess what happened in Vietnam about 30-40 years later?

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