Joan Of Arc 1412-1431

1. Joan Of Arc1412-1431 By: Kim Sheets

2. Background • Born in 1412 to Jacques and Isabelle d’Arc in Domremy ( a village in the Champagne region of northeastern France) • Youngest of five children • Brought up on a farm • Did not know how to read or write • Busied herself in sewing, spinning, chores • Very religious ( prayed often)

3. The Voices • Joan was 13 when she first started hearing voices • The voices she soon found out were the voices of St. Michael, St. Margaret and Saint Catherine • She did not tell anyone about the voices for a long time • Voices started becoming more and more prominent • Finally in May of 1428 she went to Baudricourt and told him about the voices and asked to be sent to the King

4. The Hundred Years War • Joan of Arc lived during the time period of the Hundred Years War • Hundred Years War was basically a series of wars and truces between the Kings of France and England since the mid 1300’s • English had claims on lands in France • The English pressed these claims against the French royal family in Paris

5. Charles VII of France(Charles of Ponthieu) • Was the Dauphin of France • Needed to be crowned • Needed to be crowned in the Cathedral of Rheims • At this time Rheims was in English hands

6. In mid February she disclosed another of her visions- that the French had just suffered a major defeat outside the city walls of Orleans • Baudricourt finally led her to the French King • She traveled under military escort, and dressed herself in armor • Charles sent her to Poitiers to be examined by the doctors of the Church to see whether her visions were authentic or not • She was found to be authentic

7. In April of 1429 she led the French against the English in the Battle of Orleans • She lead an army to defeat an English army at Patay in June of 1429 • Rallied the French army and defeated the English at Troyes • She proceeded to march on to Paris, to try to deliver the city from English rule • She was able to capture St. Denis just outside of Paris, but could not take the city itself

8. Capture and Trial • On May 24th at Compiegne she was pulled from her horse and handed over to the Burgundian general John of Luxembourg • John of Luxembourg sold Joan to the English • The Bishop of Beauvais stepped forward to charge Joan with witchcraft • The evidence against her was the voices ( they said they were demonic voices) and the idea of a woman wearing armor and leading an army

9. The case opened in January of 1431 • Hearings finished in Mid-March • About 70 charges were brought against her • The charges were dropped down to 12 • May 30th, 1431 she was burned at stake in the marketplace of Rouen

10. A quarter of a century later, her case was brought up for review under Pope Calixtus III • They found that she was guilty of no wrongdoings, and that she truly was working under God • In the mid 19th century her beatification as a saint was initiated • She was canonized in 1920 by Pope Benedict XV *(canonize- to declare a deceased person to be a saint and entitled to be fully honored as such). *( beatification- to proclaim a deceased person to be one of the blessed and thus worthy of public religious veneration in a particular region or religious congregation)

11. Significance • She rallied French public opinion in favor of Charles • Rebuilt the spirit of French nationalism • Later acknowledged as a saint

12. Bibliography • http://www.newgenevacenter.org/biography/joan-arc2.htm • http://www.mcs.drexel.edu/~gbrandal/Illum_html/Joan.html • http://archive.joan-of-arc.org/joanofarc_short_biography.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc • Lance,William W. Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War in World History. Berkeley Heights, NJ, USA: Enslow Publishers, c2003. • Warner,Marina. Joan of Arc: the image of female heroism. New York:Knopf, 1981. 1st American Edition