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Enlightened despotism

Enlightened despotism. 6.5 PETS Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, Joseph II, enlightened despotism. Who are they?. Enlightened Despots – absolute rulers who rule with the good of the people in mind They still believed that people could not rule themselves.

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Enlightened despotism

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  1. Enlightened despotism 6.5 PETS Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, Joseph II, enlightened despotism

  2. Who are they? • Enlightened Despots – absolute rulers who rule with the good of the people in mind • They still believed that people could not rule themselves

  3. Enlightened Despot research • Your country group will be assigned an enlightened despot. Answer the following questions about your person in your notes. • The country they ruled • The years they ruled • FOUR reforms which perhaps helped secure individual rights and better the lives of the people • TWO failures from their reign • Each despot has a special question. Answer that question after the above four questions. • Do NOT include foreign policy (wars) in your answers.

  4. Special Questions • Frederick the Great • What was the overall goal of Frederick the Great’s reforms? Give three examples. • Catherine the Great • Describe the Pugachev Rebellion and how it impacted her view of the peasantry. • Maria Theresa • How did Maria Theresa centralize her rule in the diverse Austrian empire? Provide two examples. • Joseph II • What happened to many of Joseph II’s reforms once he died?

  5. Finally. • Quiz • Enlightened Despotism Discussion • Writing Activity? • Random Fact of the Day • Middlesboro, KY is the only city in the United States built within a meteor crater.

  6. Frederick the Great – Prussiar. 1740-1786 • Influence of the Enlightenment on his personality • Claimed himself to be the “first servant of the state” • GOAL OF REFORMS – increase power of the state • Peasants didn’t see many improvements

  7. Frederick the Great • Allowed religious freedoms • Not for Jews though • Promoted education in schools/universities • Codified and streamlined laws • Freed serfs on the crown’s lands – so they could fight • Reduced censorship • Abolished capital punishment • Required examinations for civil servants

  8. What the King Conquered, the Prince Shaped, the Field Marshal defended, the Soldier saved and united.

  9. Catherine the Great – RussiaR. 1762-1796 • The least “enlightened” of the despots of the late 18th century • German princess who became queen after having husband Peter III assassinated • Lover of French culture • Refused to speak German/Russian

  10. Catherine the Great • Pugachev Rebellion (1773) • Huge serf uprising led by Eugene Pugachev • Landlords/officials murdered all over SW Russia • After rebellion put down, Catherine gave COMPLETE control of serfs to the boyars • Catherine ends any “enlightened” support for serfs

  11. Catherine The GreatOther Things She Did • Imported western culture to Russia • Supported first private printing presses • Restricted use of torture • Limited religious toleration – civil equality for Jews • Shortcomings • Only the state and government benefits • Condition of serfdom becomes more severe

  12. Maria Theresa – austriar. 1740-1780 • Assumed the Hapsburg empire from her father, Charles VI • Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 • Rule is characterized as conservative and cautious – seeks to improve lives of her people but NOT considered enlightened despot • Centralized control of Hapsburg Empire • Limited power of nobles and Catholic Church • Promoted economic development • Give serfs some freedoms – make them more productive

  13. Joseph IIR. 1780-1790 • Abolished serfdom in 1781 • Opposed by peasants b/c leftover dues had to be paid in cash, not labor • Freedom of civic rights for Protestants and Jews • Freedom of the press • Abolished torture & death penalty • Established mental institutions • Made parks and gardens available to the public

  14. Joseph ii • After Joseph II’s death, Austria struggled in many wars and came close to losing parts of her empire • Leopold II had to undo many of Joseph II’s reforms to keep control of the empire

  15. Writing Activity • Write an INTRODUCTION to ONE of the following prompts. Use BART in setting up your intro. • To what extent is the term “enlightened despot” appropriate when describing the reigns of Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, and Joseph II?

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