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The Hundred Years' War: Struggle for Power in England and France (1337-1453)

This period, known as the Hundred Years' War, marked a significant conflict between England and France, initiated by Edward III's claim to the French throne. Spanning from 1337 to 1453, the war consisted of numerous battles and raids, ending with a French victory and significant territorial losses for England. The war transformed both nations, weakening monarchies while empowering parliaments, especially in England. It also led to notable figures like Joan of Arc emerging, ultimately reshaping the political landscape in Europe.

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The Hundred Years' War: Struggle for Power in England and France (1337-1453)

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  1. Early-Late Middle Ages: Wars & Growing Nations 476-1500

  2. 100 Years War (1337-1453) • Early 1300’s English King Edward III had land in France= vassal • 1328, royal family dies out Edward III is king • Assembly chose Philip VI (of Flanders) • 1337, Ed attacked= 100 Years War • 116 yrs. of raids & battles • England losses the war • 1453, France regained almost all it’s land

  3. Edward III & Philip VI

  4. France After the 100 Years War • Suffered more b/c all on their soil • Fighting in the royal family France disunited • Joan of Arc Charles VII was crowned king • Ppl backed their king & were able to drive out the English • Joan of Arc French victory

  5. Joan of Arc • Visions from God that told her to fight • Sent to the siege at Orleans, lifted after 9 days= hero at 17 • Captured by the English & burned at the stake a heretic at 19 • Later, declared a martyr & saint by the Catholic church

  6. 100 Years War • New weapons= longbows; gunpowder & cannons made castles vulnerable • Both the French & English monarchies became weaker • Outcome= Parliament, particularly the House of Commons, gained power over the king

  7. War of the Roses • After HYW ended= war for England’s throne began • 1455, York & Lancaster families rivalry • White rose= York & red rose= Lancaster • 1485, Henry Tudor, Lancaster, won • Married a daughter from York, & as Henry VII= set up a strong monarchy

  8. Henry Tudor as Henry VII • Red rose in his hand & white in hers

  9. France After the 100 Years War • 1461, Louis XI followed Charles VII as king • Made monarchy stronger & Estates General lost power • Set up a harsh, efficient gov’t • Louis united France • Feudal lords lost power • Peasants gained little freedom

  10. Spain • United in 1479 under Ferdinand & Isabella • 1492, captured Granada, last stronghold of the Moors (Muslims) • Devout Catholics= ordered all non-Christians out or to convert • Most Jews & Muslims left • Lost most leaders in industry & trade

  11. Quick Review • Why did the 100 Years War Begin and what were the results? • What was the impact of the 100 Years War in England & in France? • How did the country of Spain change in 1492?

  12. Video: Joan of Arc • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpswyzn-LZA

  13. Activity: Memorial • Partners • Create a memorial for Joan of Arc • Include: • Location, connection to her legacy, accomplishments, etc…

  14. Holy Roman Empire • Holy Roman Empire= Germany & Italy • Ruled by princes & knights= Emperors lacked power • 1273, member of the Habsburg family became emperor • Ruled a small state, in present day Switzerland, weak, & owned little land • Used it to arrange marriages w/ powerful families • Slowly their lands • Emperor Maximilian I Netherlands, Luxembourg, & Burgundy

  15. Holy Roman Empire • Maximilian I’s son, Philip married into Spanish royalty land in Spain & Italy • Habsburgs= most powerful family in Europe • Couldn’t unite the Holy Roman Empire or the German states within it • German rulers refused to surrender power • Nor could Italy Papal States Pope

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