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Chapter 3 delves into the intricate systems of ecosystems, focusing on the fundamental principles of energy transfer. It explores the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in the food chain, emphasizing how energy is captured from sunlight and distributed through trophic levels. This chapter highlights the importance of energy flow in maintaining ecological balance and sustaining life on Earth. By examining various ecosystems, readers will gain insights into energy dynamics and their impact on biodiversity and environmental health.
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