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The Environmental Architect. From the shelter to the skyscraper. An introduction to architecture for students of English

CONTENTS. The Environmental Architect. From the shelter to the skyscraper. An introduction to architecture for students of English language.

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The Environmental Architect. From the shelter to the skyscraper. An introduction to architecture for students of English

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  1. CONTENTS The Environmental Architect. From the shelter to the skyscraper. An introduction to architecture for students of English language. La realització d’aquests materials ha estat possible gràcies a una llicència retribuïda de la modalitat C durant el curs 2006-2007, concedida pel Departament d'Educació i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya (DOGC núm.: 4661 de 23.6.2006). Anselm Pagès Muñoz

  2. The Environmental Architect. PROLOGUE Cities and architecture are essential entities in our everyday lives. They have humanized our planet in an intermingled relationship with nature, territory, cultural tradition and innovation since the beginnings of civilization. Man has produced all sort of works; those characterized by exceptional standards of durability, sustainability, comfort, beauty and creativity and those which had a disastrous impact for their inadequate solutions. Most interventions leave indelible stamps in the environment and we are their actors and receptors. These materials are designed to encourage the observation of urbanized landscapes in their natural environment, and in technical, aesthetic and historical terms.

  3. Introduction. This is a cross curriculum course to be offered to students of English language with the aim is to introduce them to architecture and urban geography. At its centre there are environmental issues, construction solutions and historical processes in aesthetic and cultural terms. It is a practical course that offers a general introduction led by a general power-point presentation with texts, pictures, drawings,audio-slide shows as well as listening and writing activities. The materials are mainly student and class centered presentations that place understanding and discussion at their centre. There is an special interest in providing visual material that enhance the comprehension of reading and listening texts.Every unit provides some clues to develop extension activities, research projects, ICT presentations or handmade models. Throughout the development of each unit, students will work individually, in pairs and in teams.The quality and accuracy of their projects, presentations and contributions will provide consistency and coherence to these introductory materials. The time required for the development of each unit will vary according to the extension given to practical and research activities.

  4. The Environmental Architect. 1- Shelters. 2- Materials and Construction. 3- Structures. 4- Home in Diverse Natural Environments. 5- Architecture and Civilization. 6- Cities: Large, Complex and Evolving Works. 7 a - Approaches to a History of Architecture and Cities. I 7 b - Approaches to a History of Architecture and Cities. II Teacher’s Guidelines. Resources.

  5. The Environmental Architect. Contents 1- Shelters. SLIDE - Nomad and Regular Homes.……….…………………………..……………...……….……. ....1 - Shelters and Natural Environment...……………….……….….………………....……..…….…2 - Which is which? And which is the Easiest to Build?.........….………….…………………….. 3 - Caves. The First Human Dwellings…..………………...….………….…………………..……..4 - The Underground Cities in Cappadocia.……...…………..………………............................. 5 - Making an Underground City……………………….........….……………................................6 - Research activity: Find your Favourite Cave.……………....…...…………….…...…….……7 - The Tipi or Tepee. ..………………………………..…...………………….….………….…….…8 - The Yurt. ………………………………………………...……..………………….….…………...11 - The Bedouin Black Tents. Listening..………………………….…………………....…………14 - The Igloo and the Arctic Regions.……………….………………………….…....….....……….16 - Mud and Adobe Houses.………………………………….….……...………………..…………20 - Make an Adobe Hut. ……………………………………………………………………………...22 - Research activity: Mud and Adobe Constructions. ………………………………………….23 - Timber Huts …………………...……………………………………...……….………..…….…..24 - Thatched Huts…………………….……………….…………………………………......……… 26 - Hut on Poles. .…………………….…………………….………………...…..………………… .27 - Make a Model of a Timber and Thatched Hut………………………………………………….29 - Stone Constructions. . …………….……………………………………….…………….......... .30 - Research activity: Good and Bad Shelters. ..................………...……………………….....33

  6. 2- Materials and construction. SLIDE - Materials and construction………………………………………………………………………….2 Audio slide presentation: Bamboo. - Description of Materials. Natural Materials..…………………….……………….…………….…3 - Match the Description with the Names of Rocks. ……….….…..….……....….……………..…..4 - Artificial Materials ..…………………………..……………………..…………….………...….…. 5 - Describe and Compare the Materials. ……..…………….…….……………….……............….8 - Properties of Materials ………………………..……….………..…..…………….…………….…13 - Materials and Uses ..………………………….…..……………..…..…………...........................14 - Environmentally Friendly Materials. …….….……..…………..………………..…………….…..15 - Construction and Environmentally Friendly Materials.. …………………….…….……….…....18 - Evaluation:Listen and guess the Materials……..……......……......................................... 19 3- Structures. - Nature and Man Made Structures……..…….……….………….………………………….….…...2 - Basic Structural Principals.……..………..……………….….………..………………………........ 3 - Basic Structural Systems. Trabeated System….….……………….…….…………….…..…...…8 Arcaded Systems…….……...………….….…..…………….……..…9 - Triangular, Cable and Membrane Systems. .……..…..……...…….……..….……………. .…..12 - Evaluation.Structures. Put them in pairs... ……………....…..…..…..…….………………..... 18 - Materials and Structures. ……….………..………….………….….…………….……..………….20 - Frame Structures. ……………….………………...…..………….…..…..…….………................21 - Forces that Materials and Structures Have to Support……………….................................... 23 - Requirements of a Building. …...…………….…..………………..……………….…….……….. 27 - Millennium Bridge. London. Evaluation: ..……………………………………………..…..……..28

  7. 4- Home in Diverse Natural Environments. SLIDE - Guess the regions where these buildings belong to…..…….….…………………….…….…...2 - Clues for a Comfortable Dwelling.....…………………………….……….…….……….…….…. 3 A Traditional House on the Balearic Islands….…………….…………..….…….…….…..4 A Traditional House in Scotland…………………..……...……..…..……..….…..…….….5 - The Climates in the Tropics.. ……………..…………….….………………...….……..……….…6 The Rainforest. Building in the Humid tropics……….…….………….….….…....…….…7 - The Desert and the Savannah. Building in the Dry and Hot Regions..……..…...…………… 9 - Altitude; Another Climatic Factor. .………………….……………….….…………….……..…..12 - Climate Change and Global Warming………………………………..….….………..….……....13 - Evaluation. Constructions in Different Environments. ………………………………………..14 Environments for Different Constructions. ……..……..………………….……..15 Regions and cities………………………….….………….…………………….....16 Research paper: A World Full of Architectonic Treasures..……….……...…………………...17 Project works. ..……………………………………………………………….…………………...18 5- Architecture and Civilization. - Cultural Tradition in Construction Throughout the World. (I-III)…………..………….…...........2 - The World According to the Durability of Buildings. …………………………………….. 6 - When Tradition Stops Innovation. A case study: Myanmar…………………………..…7 - When Tradition Inspires Innovation. A case study: The Netherlands….……….………………8 Function and Culture in Architecture. A case study: Iran Listening. ...……..…………..….…..9 - Function and Shape in Architecture………………………………………………………….10 - Function and Shape in Time…………………………………..…….…………………...…...11 - Clues to Distinguish the Uses of a Building………….……….......……….…….………….12

  8. - Evaluation: Which is the odd one out? ………………………………………..……………….13 • Listening. Decide the building it is. ..…...……...…….…………………..…………….............15 • - Shapes in Architecture. ……………..….……………….………….…...…………..…....…........17 • - Temples: Plans and Fronts. …………………………….….…….….…......………..…….……..18 • - Architecture and the Making of Spaces….……………..…….……....…..…...........................22 • - Evaluation: Project work. ……….……………………….…………....………………………….22 • 6- Cities: Large, Complex and Evolving Works. • - Cities and You. ..……………………………………...………….…….…………….…….……… 2 • - Reasons for the Settlement of Cities. ..……………………………….…….…………………….3 • - Cities, Design and Growth. .………………………....………………….….……………..............4 • - The World’s Oldest and Most Populated Cities. ………………………..……………………….5 • - Cities, Locations, Skylines and Layouts. ……………… …….………….…..……….................6 • - City Shapes. …………………………………………………………………….…………………...8 • - Functions and Urban Land Uses. ….…………………….. ..……………….….……................ 9 • - City Shapes and Functions Change Through Time. A case study: Barcelona.......………...10 • - Evaluation: Research activity. Your City…….…………………………..……….…………….13 • The Urban World. …………………..………………………………….…………..…..…..……....14 • The Density of the World’s Population and the Unequal Access to Electricity….……………15 • - A rapidly urbanizing world……......…………..………………...………....….………..…...….16 • The 10 Largest Cities in the World…..………………………...……………......….…….………18 • Slum Population and Urban Population. ………..………………….……………….…..………..20 • Audio slide presentation. Haves and Haves not in an urban world….…………………..…21

  9. SLIDE • Sao Paulo.Los Angeles. - Cairo. - Shanghai. - Istanbul. - London. - Mexico City. - Tokyo. - .Mumbai. • Evaluation: Research activity. Present a Metropolis. …...………………….……….......…… 29 • Satellite Views of Cities.………..……….……………………………….…………..................... 30 • 7 a - Approaches to a History of Architecture and Cities. I • Architecture from 3000 BC to 1600 AD.…….…………….………………………..…..………....2 • - Historical Periods from 3000BC to 1600AD. ….…………….……………….………….…………4 • - Civilization and Architecture from 3000 BC to 1600 AD. …….…………….……..….…………..5 • Civilizations, Cities and Settlements up to 1600s. ...………………………………..…………….6 • Audio slide presentation: Egypt: A Civilization and the Nile. • Audio slide presentation: Religion and Death in Ancient Egypt. • Audio slide presentation: The Classical Period: Greece. • Slide presentation: Greek Gods. • Audio slide presentation: Greek Gods and Festivals. • Audio slide presentation: Marathon. • Audio slide presentation: The Roman Empire. • Audio slide presentation: Roman Roads. • Cities in the Middle Ages • Audio slide presentation. Life in a Medieval Town. • Audio slide presentation.Life in a Castle. • Audio-Slide presentation: The Age of Cathedrals.

  10. Audio slide presentation:The Renaissance. • Research project. • Reading activity. The Bubonic Plague • Research activity. • 7 b - Approaches to a History of Architecture and Cities. II • Architecture from 1600s to 1900……………………………………………………………………7 • - Architecture Movements from the 1600s to 1900..…………………….….……….…………….8 • - Styles, People, Events and Cities from 1600 to1900.……….………..……..…………………..9 • - Audio slide presentation: Baroque. A New Theatrical Style. • - Research activity. • - Audio slide presentation: Life in a Palace. • - Research activity. • Audio Slide presentation. Some Facts about the Industrial Revolution. • Slide quiz: The Industrial Revolution and the Transformation of Cities. • Audio slide presentation: The Industrial Revolution and the Making of Textiles. • Research activity. • Audio slide presentation: The Steam Engine. • - Audio slide presentation: Life in a Mining Town. • Audio slide presentation: New Lanark. AModel for a Utopian Society. • - Audio slide presentation: Chicago. The Growth of a Metropolis. • - Contemporary architecture: People and Masterpieces…….………….........……………. …10 • - Architecture and History. ……………………………………………………………….……......11 • - Architecture and Countries. …………………………………...………………..…….…………12

  11. Acknowledgements I will appreciate, carefully consider and reply to any comments or suggestions about The Environmental Architect. I express my gratitude to all the people who have contributed to the making of these materials. Some pictures and drawings have been downloaded from the internet or come from other publications. I have tried to include complete references in each case. However, if there is something that needs a more specific reference or the author refuses to share it, I will include the notes or exclude the material as soon as I receive the request. I want to thank the school teachers of John Paul Academy in Glasgow. Mr Irvine Murdock, Mrs Margaret Shari, Mrs Cristina Beltran and Mr Rod Mclaren for their help and advice in correcting the materials. My most special thanks to Mr Ron Edlin, Mrs. Maria Rosa Jordà, Mr Irvine Murdock, Mr.Jason Ellington, Mrs Susan Young and Mrs Maureen Andrew for recording some of the listening materials. e-mail address: apages@xtec.cat

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