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ABCDE ,causes and Prevention Cardiac Arrest

FLS. ABCDE ,causes and Prevention Cardiac Arrest. FLS. The causes of cardiorespiratory arrest Identify and managing patients at risk using the ABCDE approach. Objectives. FLS. Early recognition of the critically ill patient. 3. 2. 1. 0. 1. 2. 3. Pulse. < 40. 41-50. 51-100.

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ABCDE ,causes and Prevention Cardiac Arrest

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  1. FLS ABCDE ,causes and Prevention Cardiac Arrest

  2. FLS • The causes of cardiorespiratoryarrest • Identify and managing patients at risk using the ABCDEapproach Objectives

  3. FLS Early recognition of the critically ill patient

  4. 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 Pulse < 40 41-50 51-100 101-110 111-130 > 130 Systolic BP mmHg < 70 71-80 81-100 101-199 > 200 Respiratory Rate < 8 9 -14 15-20 21-29 > 30 Temp °C < 35 35.1-36.5 36.6-37.4 > 37.5 CNS A V P U FLS Recognition of critically ill patients Track score - a score of > 4 triggers a review by doctor

  5. FLS • Airway • Breathing • Circulation Causes of cardiorespiratory arrest

  6. FLS Obstruction caused by: • CNS depression • Blood • Vomit • Foreign body • Trauma • Infection • Inflammation • Laryngospasm Causes of cardiorespiratory arrest Airway problems

  7. FLS • Decreased respiratory drive • CNS depression • Decreased respiratory effort • muscle weakness • nerve damage • restrictive chest defect • pain from fractured ribs • Lung disorders • pneumothorax • haemothorax • infection • acute exacerbation COPD • asthma • pulmonary embolus • ARDS Causes of cardiorespiratory arrest Breathing problems

  8. Global Injury Solutions

  9. Global Injury Solutions

  10. FLS Primary • Acute coronary syndromes • Dysrhythmias • Hypertensive heart disease • Valve disease • Drugs • Electrolyte / acid base abnormalities Secondary • Hypoxaemia • Blood loss • Hypothermia • Septic shock Causes of cardiorespiratory arrestCirculatory problems

  11. FLS The ABCDE approach to the critically ill patient A… B… C… D… E…

  12. FLS • Call for help early • Priority of treatment • Complete initial assessment • Reassessment • safety • Patient responsiveness to treatment ABCDE approachRules

  13. FLS Recognition of airway obstruction • Talking • Difficulty breathing, distressed, choking • Shortness of breath • Noisy breathing • stridor, wheeze, gurgling • See-saw respiratory pattern, accessory muscles ABCDE approachAirway

  14. FLS Treatment of airway obstruction • Oxygen • Airway opening - i.e. head tilt, chin lift, jaw thrust • Simple adjuncts • Advanced techniques - e.g. LMA, tracheal tube ABCDE ApproachAirway

  15. FLS Recognition of breathing problems • Look • Inspect respiratory distress, accessory muscles, cyanosis, respiratory rate, chest deformity, conscious level • Listen • Auscultate breath sounds, noisy breathing • Feel • palpat expansion, percussion, tracheal position • Pulse oxymetry ABCDE approachBreathing

  16. FLS Treatment of breathing problems • Airway • Oxygen • Treat underlying cause - e.g. drain pneumothorax - e.g . Nebulizers • Support breathing if inadequate - e.g. ventilate with bag valve mask ABCDE approachBreathing

  17. FLS • Look at the patient • Pulse – central pulse (carotid) peripheral pulse • Peripheral perfusion capillary refill time ( normally <2 sec) • Blood pressure • Monitor ABCDE approachCirculation

  18. FLS • Airway, Breathing • Oxygen • IV access, take blood sample and lab investigations • Treat cause • Give fluids • Haemodynamic monitoring • MONA if acute coronary syndrome Treatment ABCDE approachCirculation

  19. ABCDE approachDisability AVPU or GCS?

  20. Disability Glasgow Coma Score Global Injury Solutions

  21. FLS • AVPU or GCS, and pupils • Treatment - ABC • Treat underlying cause • Blood glucose • if < 3 mmol l-1 give glucose ABCDE approachDisability

  22. FLS • Remove clothes to enable examination - e.g. injuries, bleeding, rashes • Avoid heat loss • Maintain dignity ABCDE approachExposure

  23. FLS Anyquestions

  24. FLS • Early recognition of patients at risk may prevent cardiorespiratory arrest • Airway, breathing or circulation problems can cause cardiorespiratory arrest • ABCDE approach to recognise and treat patients at risk of cardiorespiratory arrest Summary

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