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Tragedy of Mariam By Maddy , Missy, & Kelsey

Tragedy of Mariam By Maddy , Missy, & Kelsey. Thesis Statement: In Cary’s Mariam, typical gender roles and societal norms are both challenged and adhered to, exemplifying the notion of otherness in the struggle for power. . Links between Cary’s life and the play.

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Tragedy of Mariam By Maddy , Missy, & Kelsey

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  1. Tragedy of MariamBy Maddy, Missy, & Kelsey Thesis Statement: In Cary’s Mariam, typical gender roles and societal norms are both challenged and adhered to, exemplifying the notion of otherness in the struggle for power.

  2. Links between Cary’s life and the play Cary’s Marriage and the play Acts of defiance Sad at his death Cruel mother

  3. Milieu at Time of Mariam—Jacobean Era Use of the closet drama James I ascension & historical time period of play (Beilin137-8) Cary as historian Reasons for success of women writers (Lewalski 795-8): 1. larger space for cultural activity 2. conflicting loyalties to men 3. Christianity’s insistence upon an immediate relationship with God and an emphasis on following one’s conscience 4. a variety of female images (literature, Anne of Denmark) 5. holding positions of power http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_VI_of_Scotland_aged_20,_1586..jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anne_of_Denmark-1605.jpg

  4. A little background on the Religious aspect….

  5. Religion within the Play • Suggested that Mariam is a Martyr. • Salome represents Eve. • “Mariam is as chaste, loyal and naïve as Salome is lustful, inconstant, and scheming”( Beilin 55)

  6. The Roles and Representations of Women in the Play Salome Challenges gender norms Divorce (1.6.413-70) Successful in getting what she wants Manipulative (4.7) Does not mask her speech Why does she live and Mariam die?

  7. Mariam • Internal turmoil • Internalization of social norms • Challenges gender norms • Upholds Cary’s own standard to “be and seem” (4.3). • More rebellious and subversive than Salome?

  8. Mariam’s Last Words “Tell thou my lord thou saw’st me loose my breath If guiltily, eternal be my death By three days hence, if wishes could revive I know himself would make me oft alive. ”

  9. Significance of Mariam’s Death Refusal of Mariam to tarnish her conscience, but knows that her voice can only be carried so far to convince Herod of her innocence End of Herod’s legitimacy as King Her death symbolizes the death of women who dare speak their minds “Tell thou my lord thou saw’st me loose my breath If guiltily, eternal be my death By three days hence, if wishes could revive I know himself would make me oft alive.”

  10. Graphina • Graphina’s name thought to mean writing. • Only 28 lines but her lines deserve interpretation. • What mark does Graphina have on the play and character? • What does she say about women’s writing?

  11. Alexandra and Doris • Speak against Mariam • 4.8 • 5.1.43-4 • Meddler or matriarch?

  12. The Roles and Representations of Men in the Play Constabarus -Nurturing -Woman-hater in the end? 4.6

  13. (not Richard) Herod http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HerodtheGreat1.jpg Tyrant forced to make tough decisions Relationship with Mariam—mixture of sexuality and politics -Political status result of marriage with Mariam (Jewish princess) -Any marital deviance is challenge to his authority -jealousy and fear of losing power Sentencing Mariam to death- -interrelatedness of self-destruction and destruction of the other (Clarke 102) Herod the Great—”Slaughter of the innocents” Herod Agrippa—persecuted early Christian church http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/fairford-church-photos/slides/w27d-5060.htm Herod Antipas—killed John the Baptist http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jesus-och-Herodes.jpg

  14. Sexuality & Marriage Adultery aligned with speaking out Salome is foil to Mariam Salome uses lust to get what she desires Mariam uses her conscience (Clarke 97) and she refuses to use her sexuality as a tool (101). “I know I could enchain him with a smile: And lead him captive with a gentle word, I scorn my look should ever man beguile, Or other speech than meaning to afford” (3.3.163-6). http://www.duke.edu/web/rpc/student_projects.htm

  15. Voice • Speaker has the power while listener remains a passive receptacle for the information. • More like a tennis match- a game requiring 2 players, and communication is more like a rally. • Who speaks freely and when?

  16. Voice: Private & Public Spheres The private space provided freedom of speech for most women. Fear of the unknown inner workings of the woman’s mind “the metaphorical space of the heart might harbor deceit and betrayal” (Heller 9). Women could convey self-sovereignty and self-control (Masten 27-8). Women’s influence was central to politics and ideology and does not exist in a separate sphere (Clarke 82) http://www.ripleyonline.com/Under%20Discussion/Renaissance%20Woman.htm

  17. Power! • Who has it? • Women or Men ? • Herod’s way of enforcing power. • What are his influences? • Power within self • Mariam – Be and seem • Salome- power at what cost?

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